###### M I N I S T R Y OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE # WHITE BOOK 2007 ## DEFENCE POLICY OF UKRAINE KYIV • 2008 ----- The White Book 2007: Defence Policy of Ukraine annual publication was prepared by the Ministry of Defence and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Editors: Oleg CHERNYSHOV, Stephen GLOVER, Hennadiy KOVALENKO, Roman SHYROKOV, Andriy SMORODIN The White Book is published according to the Law of Ukraine “On Democratic Civilian Control over Military Organization and Law Enforcement Agencies of the State” with the aim to regularly inform the public on activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine as well as the Defence Policy of the State and its challenges and solutions. The third publication of The White Book 2007: Defence Policy of Ukraine is dedicated to the challenges of reforming and developing the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The publication highlights the current state of the Armed Forces and the priority areas for further military development, stipulated in the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for 2006-2011. The White Book could be useful for civilian and military experts in the field of military development, defence and security policy, as well as journalists, teachers and students of specialized educational institutions and to all who have an interest in the current state and future focus of development of defence policy and Armed Forces of Ukraine. © Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, 2008 © Layout & design: Olexandr Moskalenko, 2008 ----- #### THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE – SUPREME COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE ON STABILITY OF NATIONAL DEFENCE POLICY As Supreme Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine I welcome the tradition of the annual edition of the “White Book” – the report to society and the international community on the state and future direction of developing the Armed Forces. The development trends of the Nation in the context of key global and regional challenges brings us to the conclusion on the need to ensure at the highest modern level the defence of the national interests of Ukraine. There are no other alternatives to creating modern, combat-effective, highly professional Armed Forces capable of reacting timely and adequately to all presentday challenges. That is the highest priority task for all State agencies and our entire society. Its resolution requires an integrated approach and comprehensive assessment, and what is most important – endorsing qualitatively new approaches and even new mentalities. The professionalism of Ukraine’s Service personnel, their high level of training and responsibility have been highly valuated by our partners, with whom we have conducted joint activities in the “Partnership for Peace” framework, and participated in international operations to provide peace and security. The adaptation of national military policy to modern international realities continues. In that context the accession of Ukraine to the South East European Defence Ministerial Multinational Peacekeeping Force is a significant milestone. That occurrence proves that we are on the right track. I see that decision as the first specific step in achieving our strategic objective – full integration to the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance, as the collective security mechanism. That objective is defined by the national military doctrine. That course is irreversible. Hard work lies ahead. I stipulate the activation of coordinated cooperation between all State agencies in achieving significant progress in the issues that affect Armed Forces combat capabilities leading to the full security of our citizens. We have to create all the conditions that make the conscript in-take in 2009 the last one in Ukraine’s history. A whole set of problems is to be resolved concerning financing of Armed Forces’ requirements and, in particular, requirements related to transition to contract-based professional Armed Forces. That will be one of the priorities during the review of the State Budget 2008 and developing the State Budget 2009. ----- It is necessary to resolve the issue of re-equipping the Armed Forces with qualitatively new armament and military equipment in the shortest time, to meet the highest modern standards. It is necessary to do everything possible to re-new the prestige of military service in society and to make that service just and attractive. All Service individuals, from soldier to general, has to feel the State and society care for them. Only in such a way can we sustain and enhance the traditionally high level of public trust to the Armed Forces. I am confident that through the coordinated efforts of the President, Cabinet of Ministers, Supreme Rada, we shall definitely achieve success. All the issues related with defence sector reform, taking the national military to the professional basis and fulfilling the State Programme of Ukraine Armed Forces Development will remain in my constant and strict control. From the very bottom of my heart I wish you all happiness, harmony and health, and new achievements in the noble art of serving Ukrainian people. President of Ukraine, Supreme Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Victor YUSHCHENKO ----- ##### OPENING ADDRESS OF THE DEFENCE MINISTER OF UKRAINE Adhering to the principles of consistency and comprehensiveness of informing the public of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Ministry of Defence presents the third annual edition on life, activities and challenges of the Ukrainian military – White Book _2007 – continuing the tradition in previous editions. For the Ukrainian Armed Forces_ the past year was intensive, full of important and specific activities, with fulfilled and unfulfilled outcomes. The planned work continued on preparing the Armed Forces to fulfil the missions according to the Strategic Campaign Plan. The number and quality of combat training activities increased – field training and live-firing of Land Force units, total flying-hours of the Air Force and Army Aviation pilots, periods at sea of Naval ships. During “Artery - 2007” (an Operational Support and Logistic Exercise) for the first time the system of comprehensive support to the Land Force, Air Force and Navy activities was deployed. That Exercise brought to the logical completion the regular annual forces training cycle, that was announced as the “Year of Improving the Operational and Logistics Support and Supply of the Armed Forces increasing the level of Fire and Explosive Safety and Security of Bases, Arsenals and Storages”. The full-scale participation in the anti-terrorist operation “Active Endeavour” started in 2007. Corvettes “Ternopil” and “Lutsk” fulfilled their missions during three-month periods in the Mediterranean; the frigate “Hetman Sagaydachnyy” will join the Operation next year. The Defence Ministry established projects to create new systems of armament and modernizing key ones in operation. The planned professionalization of the Armed Forces and transition to all-volunteer contract manning continues as planned. In 2007 the Armed Forces abolished mess-duties for enlisted, conscripted soldiers received comfortable footwear, and battle-dress uniforms – from enlisted to generals – was produced from the same quality fabrics. The role of the Armed Forces in ensuring the internal security of the nation is further increasing. Ukrainian Service personnel are taking part in liquidation of the after-effects of natural and man-made emergencies and disasters, providing real assistance to civilian agencies and the public in general. Considering the social importance of these tasks, the system of reacting and responding to non-military emergencies was improved, the new format of civil-military relations was also established. Thus, further steps in creating a modern military of European standards were made in 2007. A military that is open to society, adequate to the current threats and challenges, with clear and understandable missions. ----- At the same time, ensuring national defence capabilities, beside military, comprise many political, economic, social and legal aspects. That is why at the certain stage of military reform the specific, “civilian” issues come to the front: optimizing forms and mechanisms of Armed Forces financing; modernizing the economic basis of the military environment; and, introducing effective management methods. Finally, to develop a clear agenda of transformation that is people-centred – when providing to personnel designated standards of working and living becomes a strong factor facilitating the success of reforms. In the light of such realities, we develop plans for the future and set new tasks for ourselves. The work on further optimisation of Defence Ministry and General Staff structures and the harmonisation of activities will be continued. General Staff will be in charge of purely military matters, the most important of which is optimising forces strength, increasing professionalism, and defining modern types of arms and military equipment for the Armed Forces 2011 Model. The main efforts of the Defence Ministry will be concentrated on comprehensive support to Armed Forces’ requirements, forces activities and resolving the block of social-economic problems that accumulated over recent years. Society demands the creation of professional Armed Forces within three years. Today the line of many thousands of personnel expecting housing is one of the major obstacles to that transition. Resolution of that issue is an unconditional priority of the Defence Ministry in the short term. Separate and special attention is paid to the military-patriotic education of the Nation`s defenders. Our objective – to support the choices of boys and girls beginning from school-age, to direct and motivate them for professional military service. The situation in the Armed Forces and its development is the fundamental issue of the national policy of ensuring the safety in the military sphere. The recently formed Government will do everything so that each Service individual feels dignity. Ukrainian society respects its Armed Forces. Both political leaders and personally the President of Ukraine as Supreme Commander in Chief pay priority attention to the challenges faced by the military. That is why they provide the Defence Ministry with the confidence that reforms energetically pursued, would find corresponding support in the legislative and executive agencies. Through our joint efforts we shall provide the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Nation. Minister of Defence of Ukraine Yurii EKHANUROV ----- #### OF UKRAINE IN 2007 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE PROGRAMME OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMED FORCES ###### CHAPTER 1 #### SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMED FORCES ----- ----- ###### CHAPTER 1 #### SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 was the second year of implementation of the State Programme of Development of the ### 2007 Armed Forces of Ukraine for 2006-2011 (hereinafter – the State Programme), aimed at forming a modern and professional armed forces capable to perform missions in defence of sovereignty and inviolability of Ukraine as well as significantly contribute to international global and regional security. Implementation of the tasks set in the State Programme was in accordance with the key documents that stipulate activities of the Armed Forces – the Strategic Concept of Employment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (2006), the Decree of the President of Ukraine “On the Strategy of National Security of Ukraine” (2007), – together with the experience and perspectives of international military cooperation. Special attention was paid to the comprehensive support of the Forces, 2007 was named “Year of Improvement of Operational and Logistic Support of the Armed Forces, Raising the Level of Forces Security and Explosive and Fire Safety of Arsenals, Bases and Depots”. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE PROGRAMME OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMED FORCES The two years of implementation of the State Programme have resulted in in-depth systematic changes aimed at achieving a new quality of military service’s introduction of European standards of military command and control, and creation of modern armed forces in Ukraine, adapted to new security challenges and ready for designated missions and participation in international military cooperation. The bulk of efforts of the Ministry of Defence (MOD) and the General Staff (GS) were streamlined to professionalization of the Armed Forces, introduction of service in the military reserve, reaching optimal indices in the organization and strength of functional structures of the Armed Forces as well as their designated level of training. Professionalization of the Armed Forces Professionalization of the Armed Forces is a complex process that stipulates, primarily: contract personnel manning; provision for high-level training of the officer corps; creation of professional sergeants corps; proper level of forces training and their equipping with corresponding weapons and equipment; provision of welfare guarantees to Service personnel and their family. The following are the main results in the implementation of the State Programme for the professionalization of the Armed Forces. **Contract Personnel Manning. Despite the obstacles of insufficient competition** and the image of professional military service in the national employment market the plans for contract personnel manning were met in 2006 (94%); and, in 2007 (101.8%). **Measures taken to raise the favourable image of contract military service:** the pay of Service personnel in the first contract was increased almost twice as high ----- chapter 1 SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTOF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 in 2007; Service personnel in second and subsequent contracts were entitled to the possibility of receiving free higher education in higher military education institutions; free meals during discharge of duties as well as service housing. A clear indication in the growth of contract military service prestige is the doubling of the number of university-degree contract Service personnel – from 6.6% (2006) to 13.4% (2007). In general, 1 in 7 contract Service personnel has either completed higher education or beyond. **Figure 1.1. Level of Manning** of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Reserve 1,200 1,038 (86.5%) 472 367 (77.8%) Plan Contracts signed Total incl. officers Contract service in the military reserve was introduced: its legal basis was established; in 2007 an experiment to train more than 1,000 reservists was a success (Figure 1.1); thus, there is confidence to believe that by 2011 the tasks set in the State Programme for the manning of the reserve of the Armed Forces will be fully accomplished. **Formation of quality Officer Corps. The Armed Forces is undergoing the** introduction of a personnel management system that would provide for: an individual approach in personnel policy; maximum reduction of subjectivity in making personnelrelated decisions; and, efficient career management. The Requirements for a Service Position as well as the Register of Positions that Require Knowledge and Use of Foreign Languages were adopted. The main element of personnel management is the evaluation of officers’ performance, measuring their personal level and the level of readiness of their subordinate units to perform designated missions. The principle of continuous education of officers during discharge of duties was introduced. It is being implemented in the system of course training for Tactical, Operational-Tactical and Operational-Strategic levels; annually, nearly 2,200 officers increase their education at such courses. Separate attention is being paid to retaining officers who possess peacekeeping experience, educated and trained in leading overseas military education institutions, as well as those officers who have been trained for Operational-Strategic and Operational-Tactical levels: in 2007, 100% of the graduates of Operational-Strategic and 90% of graduates of Operational-Tactical levels were appointed to positions that require the corresponding level of education; the outflow of officers with peacekeeping experience, overseas training or young officers has been reduced by 45%, compared to 2006. The structure of the Officer Corps was improved: the strength of the general officer corps was stabilized; gradual optimization is also carried out for the ratio of junior and senior officers; and, all officers were transferred to contract military service. Everyday life of the Officer Corps sees the introduction of **military team** **principles: officer assemblies assumed a more decisive role; the tradition of** officer ballroom receptions was started; a new moral environment of responsibility, mutual assistance, adherence to principles of officer honour and dignity is being established. **Raising the quality of Forces Training. Since 2006, on the adoption of the** Strategic Concept of Employment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine combat training has gained real content. Today it aims to provide for readiness to perform a specific mission in situations stipulated by that Concept. Combat unit mission statements (up to regimental level) were developed on the basis of the Strategic Concept. These specify tasks for combat employment and combat training of units. In 2007 the Principles of Training and Employment of the Armed Forces were also implemented. Main attention is paid to training of formations and units designated for combined task forces, as well as to the intensity of combat training, which in 2007 increased on average 10-15% (Figure 1.2). |Col1|1,200|1,038| |---|---|---| ||472|1,038 (86.5%) 367 (77.8%)| |||| ----- SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTOF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 **Figure 1.2. Forces Training in 2005-2007: funding, dynamics, execution of combat training plans.** chapter 1 **terrorist operations to prioritise interoperability of the JRRF land, air** **and naval components.** ----- chapter 1 SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTOF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 The results of the military exercises conducted in 2007 prove that the readiness of designated formations and units to perform designated missions is fully supported, while some issues of organization and provision of comprehensive support of combined task forces have been developed. **Welfare guarantees to Service Personnel and their Family. Provision of welfare** guarantees is an integral component of professionalization of the Armed Forces since they play a major part in determining the competetive value of professional military service in the employment market. MOD took certain steps in this direction during 2006-2007. Since 1 May 2007 the level of pay for different categories of Service personnel was raised by 25% to 145%; since 1 January 2008, by 12% to 15% (correspondingly, since 1 January 2008 pensions for retired Service personnel are to be re-calculated, their value to increase by 38% to 70%, depending on position and rank); the structure of pay was reorganized - the net weight of basic types of pay has increased 60% to 70% (from 20% in 2003); the negative ratio was cancelled in financial and social security support of Armed Forces Service personnel compared to other uniformed services of the State; and, the principles of transparency were introduced and strictly adhered to in registering and allocating housing. During 2005-2007, 12,6 thousand apartments were built or acquired for Service personnel. However, the problem of housing remains the most urgent one, while its solution requires the combined efforts of central and local administrations. A system of social and professional adaptation of retired or Service personnel to be released because of Armed Forces’ downsizing was introduced. In particular, 1,835 Service personnel underwent professional re-training in 2007. **Logistic Support and provision of Weapons and Equipment are integral** components to maintaining the proper level of combat readiness. The provision of the Armed Forces with weapons and equipment was through a priority-based approach determined by the State Programme of Development of Weapons and Equipment to 2015. In 2007 actual funding under budget programmes of provision of weapons and equipment increased almost three-fold compared to previous years, and reached UAH 682 million. Such an amount of funding is higher than the indices of previous years but is still insufficient to form a complete and proper Defence Order to meet the requirements of the Armed Forces. Being financially restrained MOD and GS focused their main efforts to maintaining the combat readiness of available weapons and equipment through their modernization and prolongation of service life. An organization and technology basis was created to modernize and prolong the service life of aircraft: An-24, An-26, An-30, MiG-29, Su-24, Su-25, Su-27, L-39, S-300; Buck M1 anti-aircraft missile systems; and, tanks and light armoured vehicles. The newly introduced system of state procurement through a Single Tender Committee prevents the spread of finances, provides for raising the level of transparency and control over the procurement process, while increasing the efficiency of budget spending. The Armed Forces continuously increase the scope of materials and services support through wider involvement of the private sector. Such an approach promotes increases in quality, in particular, for meals and housing support, and cost-efficiencies in releasing the Armed Forces from non-core functions. ----- SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTOF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 Improvement of Command and Control System chapter 1 During 2006-2007 the command and control system of the Armed Forces has come very close to the standards set by the State Programme. Optimization of the C[2 ]bodies was based on functional survey results and taking account of leading European and NATO armed forces standards. The following has been achieved in this sphere. **Functions and powers were legally regulated and distributed between MOD** **and GS. The structure of the GS is attaining the HQ standards of NATO Member-** States’ armed forces; and proportional representation of Services in the GS command has been introduced. Transition from a multi-level operational control system to a more optimal tri level system was made: GS – Joint Operational Command (JOC) – Army Corps, Air Command, Naval Operations Centre, and Coastal Defence Centre. Creating the JOC enabled the regulation of C[2] system for peacekeeping contingents and Armed Forces personnel; from 2008 it is to assume C[2] functions over the employment of all combined task forces of the Armed Forces both in Ukraine and overseas. JOC readiness to perform such missions was reaffirmed in practice during command-post training in September 2007 and Command-Post Exercise Artery-2007. Command and control bodies of the Army Corps were transferred to a new organic structure, similar to NATO standards; the optimization of organizational structures in large units and units is nearing completion. **Creation of Territorial Directorates is also** nearing completion – these new C[2] bodies will fulfil missions to organize territorial defence, mobilization readiness and Reserves training. Creation of the **Single Automated Command** **and Control System of the Armed Forces is also** underway. Since 2006 its framework is used to develop the Single Administrative and Economic Processes Control System, the full adoption of which will provide for a qualitatively higher level in planning day-today activities of the Armed Forces, accounting and maximum cost-efficiency while enabling real-time decision-making at all levels of command and control. Optimization of Organization and Strength of the Armed Forces Improvement of the Armed Forces organization was according to the force and means requirements to fulfil missions designated in the Strategic Concept and stipulated by Ukraine’s participation in international military cooperation and support of global and regional security. During 2006-2007 reasonable ratios between the Services as well as between combat and support units were achieved. 2007 saw the beginning of the creation of **a separate Armed Service – Special Operations Forces, and a new C[2] body – the** Special Operations Forces Command: in particular, main missions of the Command were set as well as determining its status and organization; Special Operations Forces will be equipped with state-of-the-art weapons and equipment with training focussing on skills to act in unfamiliar environments under harsh counter-intelligence conditions. ----- chapter 1 SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTOF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 The strength of the Armed Forces was reduced according to the numbers determined by the State Programme and corresponding laws of Ukraine. At the end of 2007 it was 200 thousand personnel including 152 thousand Service personnel. Release of the Armed Forces from Non-Core Functions During 2006-2007 MOD, GS and the Armed Forces were significantly released from non-core functions enabling them to focus on performing core missions, largely increasing cost-efficiencies, reducing surplus support system elements through, in particular, introducing outsourcing mechanisms – delegating some functions of service supplies provision to civilian bodies, including private sector ones. Thus, in order to release the MOD from the tasks of selling surplus military equipment a State Department for Surplus Equipment and Lands was created in 2006 – with a governmental body assigned to that task. Army Corps were released from the tasks of reducing large units which are not to be in the structure of the Armed Forces in 2011, through assigning such missions to operational commands and territorial commands; units were released from functions to account and store surplus movable equipment by creating the Centre of Accounting of Surplus and Written-Off Military Equipment of the Armed Forces. 2007 resulted in completing the transfer for providing meals in the Armed Forces to commercial organizations; the principle of outsourcing is used for 78% of POLs; transition began to maintain cantonments by commercial organizations while security of military facilities (excluding weapons and ammunition stores) will be provided by corresponding structures of the State Guard Service under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The main tasks of the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces for 2006-2011 and the level of their accomplishment at the end of 2007 are shown in Table 1.1. Vocational Safety of Military Service and Military Activities An absolute priority for the MOD and GS is preserving life and health of personnel, providing a safe working environment, detecting and eliminating pre-conditions for crime, complying with law and order, respecting every service individual – his or her dignity, rights and freedoms. After 2006-2007 the following has resulted. A new system of prevention and detection of crimes was implemented under which Commanders are interested in detection and not concealment of crimes – this measure resulted in an increase in certain statistics but facilitated the real eradication of crimes and the creation of the conditions for their prevention; the procedure was **Table 1.2. Losses of personnel of the Armed Forces during discharge** of duties introduced for the daily monitoring of compliance with the Disciplinary Statute; and, military law enforcement bodies work in close coordination with other law enforcement agencies. The level of personnel losses during discharge of duties was significantly reduced. Thus, the ratio of personnel losses to 1,000 Service personnel was reduced from 0.21 (2005) to 0.13 (2007) (Table 1.2). |Col1|2005|2006|2007| |---|---|---|---| Number of Service personnel 180,000 165,000 152,000 Number of losses 38 26 20 Ratio of losses 0.21 0.16 0.13 ----- SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTOF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 **Table 1.1. Main problems in the Reform of the Armed Forces at the end of 2005, results at the end of 2007 and directions of solution** determined in the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces for 2006-2011. chapter 1 |Problems in the Reform of the Armed Forces at start of Programme implementation, (end 2005)|Results of Solutions to Problems (end of 2007)|Directions to Solve Problems, (up to 2011)| |---|---|---| ----- chapter 1 SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTOF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 At the same time the number of losses from traffic accidents increased, which prevented the achievement of the overall reduction losses indices: both in 2005 and 2007 – it is 0.6. **Level of survivability of arsenals, bases and depots has been improved. Close** teamwork with local administrations was set up and mechanisms of joint reaction to emergencies were developed; technical equipment at storage facilities is gradually improving; implementing plans for disposal of surplus stores resulted in downsizing these facilities. An achievement in 2007 was the first year without explosions at munitions stores. **New medical support system was introduced.** In 2006 a Programme of Medical Support of the Armed Forces for 2006-2011 was developed and introduced. It provides for creating a network of medical installations, united by a centralized command. According to the Programme five regional military medical clinic centres were created under the territorial principle. In 2007 they were provided with modern medical equipment and necessary medicines. The above centres include five military mobile hospitals. Their readiness to perform missions is proved not only by exercises but also in participation in natural and man-made disaster relief operations and the provision of real medical aid to civilian populations. The level of manning of the medical service, military medics’ theoretical awareness and practical skills and the provision of equipment enables it to fully perform its designated missions. New Format of Civil-Military Relations Ukraine’s Armed Forces continuously attains features of openness and transparency in its activities, and control by society. Thus since 2005 _The White_ _Book is published annually; MOD organized the Public Council; the circulation_ of military periodicals has significantly increased, and the level and content of public information on day-to-day life and challenges of the Armed Forces have improved. Service personnel provide more and more assistance to civilian agencies and local administrations in natural and man-made disaster relief operations. As a rule, these events involve deployment of military medical services to provide local populations with medical aid, conduct medical inspections and treatment, including surgeries if necessary. In particular, in 2007 the Armed Forces including medical services took part in relief operations after nine major natural disasters and man-made catastrophes in various regions of Ukraine. Due to the experience gained and social significance of such activities the tasks of disaster relief are included in unit mission statements and taken into account in forces training. ----- SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTOF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 chapter 1 FUNDING THE ARMED FORCES The main challenge in implementing the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces is resource limitations: imbalances in the amount of funding, stipulated in the Programme itself, according to the indices approved by the laws on the State Budget, to that actually received. Thus, the approval, by the Law of Ukraine, of expenditure for 2007 of UAH **9.13 billion** rather than UAH **10.3 billion** stipulated by the State Programme made it impossible to fully implement measures determined in the Programme (Annex 1). Limited resource support had a negative effect in executing nearly all main measures stipulated by the State Programme, namely it: - prevented full implementation of planned forces combat training plans; - slowed down the process of adoption of the Armed Forces Single Automated Command and Control System as well as stationary and mobile digital integrated communications networks; - made it impossible to gradually substitute certain items of weapons through procurement of new and modernization of items in planned amounts, refreshing of emergency rations, implementing disposal plans, reforming arsenals, bases and depots where surplus and out-of-service weapons and equipment are stored; - reduced the pace of transfer of housing, clothing and other types of support to civilian organisations; - slowed down contract manning of the Armed Forces through low competitiveness of professional military service in the national employment market. Total amount of funding that had not been allocated to the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in 2006-2007 is more than UAH 4 billion. If such a trend continues, the Armed Forces may fail to receive nearly UAH 10.5 billion or 14.2% of the UAH 73.4 billion stipulated by the Programme.[1] The issue of full and timely funding of the measures under the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces remained a priority in MOD consultations with the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economics and the Committee of the Verkhovna Rada for National Security and Defence. This resulted in a reduction of the portion in the MOD Special Fund of expenditure from the State Budget of Ukraine from **22.3% (2006) to 15.8% (2007) - thus reducing the dependence** of implementing the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces on economic activity. 1 Regulation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On the forecast of combined budget of Ukraine by main types of income, expenditures and funding for 2008-2� ----- chapter 1 SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTOF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 2007 **The portion of allocations for maintenance of the Armed Forces in 2007 was** **reduced, compared to the previous year from 79% to 64%. This means that the** **transition of Armed Forces funding from a maintenance budget to a development** **budget is evident.** **In general, during 2006-2007 the measures stipulated in the State Programme** **of Development of the Armed Forces were mainly fulfilled. The amount of** **fulfilment affirms that the Ukrainian Armed Forces are approaching the standards** **set for 2011. Combat organization of the forces, their level of combat readiness** **indicated during military exercises, including international ones, as well as during** **peacekeeping missions, affirms that the Armed Forces are ready and capable of** **adequately reacting to potential threats and completing the reform to acquire the** **characteristics of a modern, professional, mobile European force.** ----- #### SUPPORT OF THE ARMED FORCES, RAISING THE LEVEL OF FORCES SAFETY AND EXPLOSIVE AND FIRE SAFETY OF ARSENALS, BASES AND DEPOTS CHANGES IN STRUCTURES OF OPERATIONAL DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND OUT-OF-SERVICE PROVISION OF SURVIVABILITY, EXPLOSIVE ###### CHAPTER 2 #### YEAR OF IMPROVEMENT OF OPERATIONAL AND LOGISTIC AND FIRE SAFETY OF ARSENALS, BASES AND DEPOTS DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM RELEASE OF THE ARMED FORCES FROM NON-CORE FUNCTIONS ----- ----- ###### CHAPTER 2 #### YEAR OF IMPROVEMENT OF OPERATIONAL AND LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF THE ARMED FORCES, RAISING THE LEVEL OF FORCES SAFETY AND EXPLOSIVE AND FIRE SAFETY OF ARSENALS, BASES AND DEPOTS ue to the increase of the role of comprehensive support of forces in modern armed conflicts as well ### Das the urgent need to raise the level of operational and logistic support of the Armed Forces 2007 was named the “Year of Improvement of Operational and Logistic Support of the Armed Forces, Raising the Level of Forces Safety and Explosive and Fire Safety of Arsenals, Bases and Depots”. The main areas of reform of the comprehensive support system during the year have been the following: changing the structures of operational and logistic support; providing the Armed Forces with weapons and equipment; disposal of surplus weapons, equipment and ammunition; provision of survivability of depots of weapon, ammunition and materiel; improvement of medical support; prevention of traumatism in the Armed Forces; release of the Armed Forces from non-core functions. A summary of fulfilment of the scheduled tasks proves that positive results have been achieved in almost all areas of development of the comprehensive support system, and new qualitative and quantitative indices have been reached. CHANGES IN STRUCTURES OF OPERATIONAL AND LOGISTIC SUPPORT Since 2005 the Armed Forces have been forming a new, modern model of comprehensive support that has two components (subsystems) – operational and logistic support (Figure 2.1). The goal of changes in these subsystems is raising their flexibility and versatility to correspond to modern force requirements and NATO standards. Structural changes in the logistic support were adopted within the framework of the agreed directions of reform of the subsystem (Annex 2). The following measures were taken during the year to improve the structures of operational and logistic support: - structure of arsenals, bases and depots as well as the register of military support units that will remain in the Armed Forces 2011 were determined; - arsenals, bases and depots that are not included in the combat organization of the Armed Forces 2011 were transferred to operational commands for their further disbandment (during 2006-2011 disbandment will total 72 military units and operational and logistic support facilities); - creation of joint logistic support centres continues; the centres will be assigned the missions to support formations and units by territorial principle regardless of subordination; due to the peculiarities of the formations in the territory of Ukraine it is planned to create six joint supply centres – in Kyiv, Vynnitsya, Lviv, Odesa, Simferopol, and Kharkiv. ----- YEAR OF IMP R OV E M E N T O F O P E R AT I O N A L A N D L O G I S T I C S U P P O R T chapter 2 **Figure 2.1. Types of Support of the Armed Forces** **Operational support –** system of operational, operational-tactical measures taken by command and control bodies and special services in all types of operations (combat) in order to create favourable conditions for employment of friendly forces, weapon and equipment; and, at the same time, reduce the efficiency of enemy forces and weaponry. **GENERAL** for all Services and arms of the Armed Forces Reconnais- Radio electronic Nuclear, biological and Topography Engineer Hydrometeorology sance warfare chemical protection and navigation **SPECIFIC** **Aviation** **Naval Surface forces** Search Navigation and Anti-underwater Search Navigation Radiotechnical Mine clearing and rescue hydrographical and subversion and rescue Improvement of the operational support subsystem aimed at providing better equipment for special services, renewal of special military equipment, improvement of training and readiness of the personnel to perform designated missions, release from surplus infrastructure as well as creation of favourable conditions for better inter-service interoperability and coordination of actions. **Logistic support is a system of measures of command and control bodies and special services in all types of operations** (combat) and day-to-day activities of the Armed Forces, conducted in order to provide their forces with equipment, ammunition, raising the efficiency and reliability of vehicles, its rapid renewal (repairs) after damages, meeting material, transportation, welfare and other needs of the forces thus maintaining their readiness to perform their designated combat or day-to-day missions. Command-Post Exercise _Artery-2007 became the conclusive measure to_ check forces combat readiness and capabilities of operational and logistic support structures. The number of forces involved in Command-Post Exercise _Artery-2007 was_ three times as large as Command-Post Exercise Clear Sky-2006. During the Exercise theoretical provisions of the new principles of training and employment of the Armed Forces were tested in practice – primarily, in employment and comprehensive support of combined task forces, current status, capabilities and level of training of JRRF units, operational and logistic support units were checked, together with their capability to comprehensively perform designated missions. During Artery-2007 certain measures of operational and logistic support were determined for the first time in the Armed Forces. Practical training tasks were fully accomplished. The command staff and subordinate personnel acquired practical skills in decision-making and planning of combat and interoperability with other Armed Services of the Armed Forces. All units were positively evaluated after live firing, missile launches, exercises and training (Figure 2.2). 1 In a broad sense the notion of logistics embraces all aspects of combat and day-to-day support of the troops: development, acquisition, supply, storing, transportation, evacuation and disposal of weapons, ammunition and materiel; transportation of personnel; acquisition, construction, exploitation, repairing and disposal of military facilities; procurement or provision of services; medical and sanitary support. ----- Y E A R O F I M P R OV E M E N T O F O P E R AT I O N A L A N D L O G I S T I C S U P P ORT **Figure 2.2. Command-Post Exercise Artery-2007** **Land Forces Range** **Land Forces Range** **_Rivno_** **_Zhitomir_** Чернігів Луцьк **Land Forces RangeСуми** Рівне Львів Житомир КИЇВ **_Novomoskovsk_** Тернопіль Харків Хмельницький Полтава Вінниця Черкаси Ужгород Івано�Франківськ Луганськ Кіровоград Дніпропетровськ Донецьк Чернівці Запоріжжя Миколаїв **Air Forces testing Range** Херсон Одеса **_Chauda_** **Naval Forces coastal Range** **_Opuk_** Сімферополь **Naval Forces maritime Range** **_Opuk_** **FORCES AND MEANS ASSIGNED FROM AIR FORCES, LAND FORCES AND NAVAL FORCES** **TO PARTICIPATE IN THE EXERCISE** **Service Personnel – up to 7,000** **Armoured Vehicles – 230** **Aircraft – 75** **Artillery Systems – 70** **Helicopters – 25** **Ships and Vessels – 25** **AAD – 19** **Special Vehicles – 377** ###### TASKS ACCOMPLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME: Organization of an airfield for army Deployment of traffic control service, aviation of the Land Forces. 12 Мі-8 and organization of crossings, 40-60 ton Мі-24 helicopters re-deployed there. bridge-laying, smoke-screening of designated objects Re-deployment of 23 aircraft to Refilling operational supplies of operational airfields including: 6 ammunition and materiel. – Su-25, Repairing and evacuating weapons 5 – Su-24М, 5 – МіG-29, 3 – Su-25UB, and equipment, metrological support. 2 – Su-27, 1 – Su-24МR, 1 – МіG-29UB. Provision of meals in-field by chapter 2 Inspection and provision of medical aid to local population. Aid was provided to 1,527 people (including 272 children) at Chauda Range ----- YEAR OF IMP R OV E M E N T O F O P E R AT I O N A L A N D L O G I S T I C S U P P O R T chapter 2 PROVISION OF WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT Provision of the Armed Forces with weapons and equipment is an inherent component of military-technical policy of the State to maintain a sufficient level of forces combat readiness. In 2007 actual funding under budget programmes of re-equipping, as compared to previous years, increased three times and reached UAH 682 million. Such an amount exceeds the funding indices of previous years, but is still insufficient to form a full Defence Order that would correspond to the requirements of the Armed Forces. Provision of the Armed Forces with weapons and equipment was implemented on a priority-based approach, determined in the State Programme of Development of Weapons and Equipment to 2015, namely: - Design of corvette-type combat vessel; - Development of a multi-functional missile system; - Creation and procurement of state-of-the-art high-precision weapons; - Research of modernization of combat aircraft and helicopters; - Prolongation of service life of missiles and artillery, aerial weapons, mines and torpedoes; - Acquisition of new and modernized weapons and equipment developed by the defence industry of Ukraine and adopted by the Armed Forces – in particular, radars for air defence troops; - Acquisition of digital communication means. Main measures of provision of the Armed Forces with weapons and equipment in 2007 are indicated in Annex 3. During the year the Armed Forces adopted 24 new weapons and equipment. They were developed according to international and NATO standards – in order to provide for compatibility with weapons and equipment of Partner-States’ armed forces. The Armed Forces acquired more than 15 thousand weapon and equipment items. The service life was prolonged of 39 weapons and equipment. Creation of new as well as the modernization and prolongation of the service life of available weapons and equipment continues. 30 weapons and equipment are in the phase of design, research manufacture and preliminary testing. The State testing of An-70 military transportation aircraft continues. Prepared for State testing are: an air-to-air missile; highprecision artillery munitions; a man-portable air defence system; a dynamic armour protection system; a high-precision air bomb; a 30-mm gun; BTR-70Di APC; BRDM-2Di armoured reconnaissance vehicle; BMP-1 IFV with _Shturm_ combat module; an armoured repair and evacuation vehicle on T-84 chassis; and, a single-module active protection for armour. **In 2007 re-equipping the Armed Forces was** **complicated by the lack of financial resources.** **Under such circumstances acquisition of new** **weapons and equipment in sufficient amounts was** **impossible. Thus the main efforts of MOD and GS** **in 2007 were concentrated on maintaining combat** **readiness of weapons and equipment through their** **modernization and prolonging service life.** ----- Y E A R O F I M P R OV E M E N T O F O P E R AT I O N A L A N D L O G I S T I C S U P P ORT chapter 2 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND OUT-OF-SERVICE EQUIPMENT AND MATERIEL Disposal of surplus and out-of-service stores of weapons, equipment, ammunition and materiel is an important component of the measures to prevent the risks of their uncontrolled dissemination and safety to the people and the environment. Currently the Armed Forces possess more than 16 thousand tonnes of components of liquid propellants (melange) and nearly 760 thousand tonnes of surplus ammunition, of which 480 thousand tonnes have expired their storage terms and must be disposed. During the year 18.5 thousand tonnes of ammunition were withdrawn from arsenals, bases and depots, with 15.6 thousand tonnes disposed. The withdrawn ammunition was transferred to the Ministry of Industrial Policy and the National Space Agency of Ukraine who presented the State Order for the disposal[2]. Disposal of surplus ammunition is funded mainly from the State Budget. The allocated funding provided for 15 contracts to be signed to dispose of 22 thousand tonnes of ammunition. The total ammunition disposed during 1999-2007 is given in Table 2.1. **Table 2.1. Results of Disposal of Conventional Ammunition, (thousand tonnes)** **Sources** **1999** **2000** **2001** **2002** **2003** **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007** **of Funding** State Budget – – – – – 3.8 19.0 26.0 15.6 Sale of products 18.5 24.1 17.1 28.2 36.5 – 3.6 – – of disposal As experiment – – – – – – 0.5 – – **Total** **18.5** **24.1** **17.1** **28.2** **36.5** **3.8** **23.1** **26.0** **15.6** Available Ukrainian industrial capacity allows disposal of 140 thousand tonnes of missiles and ammunition annually, although the technological basis is limited to certain types only (Annex 2). Due to the absence of technology in Ukraine to dispose of ammunition containing specific explosives as well as illuminating and smoke ammunition, naval and air ammunition, MOD is interested in widening foreign technical aid and investments to develop such technology. In 2007 assistance in disposing was provided by international organizations, primarily by NATO, EU and OSCE as well as individual countries. Thus, in the framework of the project to destroy surplus ammunition, small arms and light weapons, more than 108 thousand pieces of small arms were disposed[3]. In addition, under the initiative of MOD together with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Office of OSCE Project Coordinator a project was prepared to dispose of surplus components of liquid propellant during two or three years in Ukraine. Currently, the corresponding documents are for consideration by the Cabinet of Ministers and the preparation for an open international tender is underway. Both national and international enterprises and joint ventures plan to participate in the tender and, in particular, a Ukrainian-Polish Consortium “Eco Technologies” (Kyiv). |Sources of Funding|1999|2000|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|2006|2007| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| 2 Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On amendments to the Procedure of disposal of missiles, ammunition and explosives” No.553 of March 28, 2007. 3 Project to destroy surplus ammunition, small arms, light weapons and man-portable air defence systems, initiated by the USA. A Trust Foundation (TRUST) was created for the purposes of its resource support within the Partnership for Peace Programme. ----- chapter 2 YEAR OF IMP R OV E M E N T O F O P E R AT I O N A L A N D L O G I S T I C S U P P O R T **Amounts of surplus stores of weapons, equipment, ammunition and materials** **in Ukraine are significant, while financial capabilities and technological capacities** **are insufficient to dispose of them in the short term. These conditions result in** **the need for State level coordination of activities between MOD, the Ministry of** **Industrial Policy and the National Space Agency of Ukraine, as well as foreign** **assistance provided to Ukraine by international organizations, such as NATO, EU** **and OSCE and individual countries.** PROVISION OF SURVIVABILITY, EXPLOSIVE AND FIRE SAFETY OF ARSENALS, BASES AND DEPOTS While a large number of arsenals, bases and depots are overloaded with surplus weapons, missiles and ammunition, the provision of survivability of these facilities proves to be an extremely complex task and requires a systematic approach as determined in the Programme of Provision of Survivability and Explosion and Fire Safety of Arsenals, Bases and Depots of Weapons, Missiles and Ammunition of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for 1995-2015.[4] The main focus of the Programme is achieving sufficient level of survivability, explosive and fire safety as well as reliability of function, ecologic and human security of arsenals, bases and depots of weapons, missiles and ammunition. **Figure. 2.3. Funding of the Survivability Provision Programme,** _UAH million_ 106.0 |Stipulated by the Programme Stipulated by the State Budget 85.0 85.0 85.0 Actual funding 75.8 75.8 48.18 46.92 48.2 32.30 31.80 5.30 4.95|Col2|85.0 85.0|Col4| |---|---|---|---| ||||| |Col1|Col2|Col3| |---|---|---| |||| |46.92|Col2|Col3| |---|---|---| |||| |||| |Col1|75.8|75.8| |---|---|---| |||| |||| 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 During 1999-2004 the funding of the Programme was not full (44% of plan on average). Beginning from 2005 the situation improved (80% of plan); however the funding remains insufficient (Figure 2.3). During the year efforts were concentrated on such tasks as: - raising the level of protection of stocks of weapons, missiles and ammunition (equipping warehouses with technical facilities and perimeter security means, installation of fire alarms and automatic fire extinguisher systems, and construction of fire protection facilities); - continuing construction of shelters for weapons, missiles and ammunition (fallouts of warehouses, construction of new shelters); - reconstructing and developing infrastructure (constructing and repairing road network, railways, heating and water supply routes); - creating a control system for quality and technical condition of weapons, missiles and ammunition (capital construction and laboratory equipment). **Improvement of funding of the Programme of** **Provision of Survivability and Explosion and Fire** **Safety of Arsenals, Bases and Depots resulted in the** **possibility to significantly increase in 2005-2007 the** **level of survivability of arsenals, bases and depots of** **the Armed Forces, together with the level of storage** **security for weapons, missiles and ammunition.** **At the same time, the accumulated amount of problems** **requires both an increase of funding and coordination** **of implementation of the Programme with the plans** **for disposal and reduction of the infrastructure of the** **Armed Forces.** 4 Approved by Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No.472 of June 28, 1995. ----- Y E A R O F I M P R OV E M E N T O F O P E R AT I O N A L A N D L O G I S T I C S U P P ORT chapter 2 DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM Nearly 1.2 million people are entitled to medical support by the Armed Forces, including almost 326 thousand Reserve and retired Service personnel, who are entitled to free of charge medical treatment in MOD military medical institutions. Under the Programme of Development of Armed Forces Medical Support System for 2006-2011 a network of military medical institutions was created according to the territorial principle: the Main Military Medical Clinic Centre (Kyiv) and five regional military medical clinical centres that are command and control bodies for the medical service, and are responsible for territorial zones of responsibility, (Figure 2.4, Annex 2), with corresponding military medical institutions subordinate to the centres. In 2007 the reform was completed of military recreation centres into centres of medical rehabilitation and recreation treatment. This resulted in creating specialized departments according to clinical profiles and climate and natural treatment factors – for treatment, medical rehabilitation and recreation of Service and retired personnel. **Figure 2.4. Medical Support of the Armed Forces according to territorial principle** During 2007 military treatment institutions provided inpatient care to 37 thousand MOD pensioners; more than 403 thousand out-patient addresses were registered. Daily 4 - 4.5 thousand patients, including 2.5 - 3 thousand Service personnel receive in-patient care in military hospitals and medical bodies of military units. ----- chapter 2 YEAR OF IMP R OV E M E N T O F O P E R AT I O N A L A N D L O G I S T I C S U P P O R T Under the reform in Armed Forces medical support special attention was paid to creating military mobile hospitals within regional military medical clinic centres. They are supplied with corresponding equipment and are ready to provide medical aid at short notice, in particular, victims of natural and man-made disasters or a terrorist act. In 2007 military mobile hospitals took part in medical support of _Artery-2007 Exercise as well as Exercises for explosion and fire safety at artillery_ bases and depots. **The medical support system performs its functions, embracing not only Service** **personnel, but also MOD pensioners and the civilian population. Reforming the** **medical service enables it to increase its effectiveness.** Prevention of Traumatism and Losses in the Armed Forces Prevention of accidents, adherence to norms and rules of military activities are the main areas for preventing traumatism and losses of Armed Forces personnel. In 2007, 16 main events took place aimed at preserving life and health of personnel, including training seminars with State labour control bodies’ employees and management of vocation security services of the Armed Forces; and, training of command and engineer personnel of the Armed Forces. 570 units and 920 technical facilities were inspected and a week of vocational security to commemorate the Global Vocational Security Day was held. Measures taken by the MOD leadership facilitates continuous reduction of traumatism of service and civilian personnel discharging their duties. In 2005-2007 the number of losses was reduced (Figure 2.5). However, if solutions to a range of social problems in 2005-2006 resulted in the reduction of the number of suicides by half compared to 2002-2003; the number of losses after traffic accidents continues to increase. **During recent years due to the efficiency of measures in vocational security** **and state control over vocational security as well as exploitation of higher risk** **facilities the number of injuries and losses of personnel of the Armed Forces** **continues to reduce. At the same time, prevention of losses of the Armed Forces’** **personnel remains one of the priority missions of the MOD, GS, and commanders** **at all levels.** ----- Y E A R O F I M P R OV E M E N T O F O P E R AT I O N A L A N D L O G I S T I C S U P P ORT **Figure 2.5. Losses of Armed Forces Personnel, pers** chapter 2 |Col1|118|NUMBER OF LOSSES| |---|---|---| ||73|102 84 89 64 Incl. off-duty 58 58 69 38 26 On duty 20| ||45|| **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007** 63 |32|Col2|Col3|Col4| |---|---|---|---| ||||| ||||| ||||| |Col1|Col2|Col3|44| |---|---|---|---| ||||| ||||| ||||| ||||| |CAUSES OF LOSSES 50 44 34 32 25 21 18 16 15 2 0 1 1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|42 29|Col8| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ||||||||| ||||||||| ||||||||| |200420052006 2007|200420052006 2007|200420052006 2007|200420052006 2007||||| RELEASE OF THE ARMED FORCES FROM NON-CORE FUNCTIONS Abuse Of Personel Suicide Traffic accidents Other accidents One of the priority missions of MOD and GS in 2007 was introducting new approaches to the provision of materiel and services on a commercial basis. By the end of the year the provision of meals for all Armed Forces Service personnel with the right to free meals was by small and medium-sized businesses. This releases military personnel from a range of administrative works and duties in messing facilities, enabling commanders to concentrate on combat training of personnel and reducing vehicle resources and fuel consumption for foodstuffs delivery. In order to maintain housing in the cantonments, the _Ukrspetsnaladka MOD_ State Enterprise was created with branches in the cantonments of Makariv, Novograd-Volynsky, Feodosia, and Yavoriv. This practice will be expanded to other cantonments. Transition was made to transfer military facilities (excluding weapons and ammunition stores) to the security of bodies of the State Guard Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and commercial firms, which may lead to reducing the Armed Forces strength involved in performing these functions, and thus reducing maintenance expenses. At the same time the involvement of various types of organizations in the support of the Armed Forces requires improving the organization and procedures of acquisition of goods, works and services. For this purpose MOD created a Single Tender Committee in June 2007, in accordance with the Law “On acquisition of goods, works and services for public funds” and on the basis of a decision taken by the MOD Board. This enables ----- chapter 2 YEAR OF IMP R OV E M E N T O F O P E R AT I O N A L A N D L O G I S T I C S U P P O R T better transparency and strict adherence to economic and legal principles of acquisition, rational spending of public funds, increase the control at all stages of acquisition, and concentration of information of centralized procurement in a single body. **MOD and GS bring active efforts to release the Armed Forces from non-core** **functions. At the end of 2007, these activities mainly embraced meals provision,** **housing and military facilities’ security. This provides for significant savings** **of human, material and financial resources. MOD takes measures to involve** **commerce in the provision of services to the Armed Forces.** **The system of operational and logistic support of the Armed Forces fulfils** **the functions of maintaining the forces ready for efficient performance of** **designated missions. The lack of budget funding is somewhat compensated by** **skilful planning and organizational measures.** **Command-Post Exercise** **_Artery-2007 proved that the Armed Forces’_** **operational and logistic support system is combat-capable, and its structures can** **organize and provide comprehensive support of forces during their operational** **deployment and employment. In future it is planned to complete transition to a** **new supply system of forces according to the territorial principle that would be** **best adapted to modern requirements of the market economy and fully meets the** **requirements of the Armed Forces.** **The practice proved that the areas of improvement and development of** **operational and logistic support system correspond with the modern requirements** **of the Armed Forces.** ----- AND CONTROL SYSTEM MISSION ACCOMPLISHMENT RESULTS OF COMMAND AND CONTROL OVER PEACEKEEPING CONTINGENTS OF THE ARMED FORCES ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES OF THE ARMED FORCES ###### CHAPTER 3 ----- ----- ###### CHAPTER 3 #### IMPROVEMENT OF ARMED #### FORCES COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE he creation of modern Armed Forces, able to carry out assigned missions is not possible without ### Tcontinual improvement of their structure, command and control system, in accordance with changes in the geographical strategic situation, new tendencies in development of theory and practice of war, and the latest technological advancements. During this year the main attention was on the systematic transition of the command and control system to a three-level structure, balancing processes of structural improvement and reducing the Armed Forces with priority development to functional structures, first being the Joint Rapid Reaction Forces (JRRF). There was also a decision to create a new functional structure, namely the Special Operation Forces. IMPROVEMENT OF COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM The basis of command and control of the Armed Forces 2009 will be the re-organized system of command and control elements with a distinct three-level distribution of functions: GS – Joint Operational Command – Army Corps, Air Command (in perspective – Control and Warning Centre), Naval Operations Centre, Coastal Defence Troops Centre (figure 3.1). Strategic Command and Control Results from the 2007 Functional Review of structural units of MOD Central Office, GS and other command and control bodies permitted: - more clearly defined objectives, organization and structure of MOD, GS and other command and control bodies; - specifying the distribution of powers between MOD and GS - re-distributing functions between MOD structural units and GS. **Figure 3.1. Structure of Command and Control Bodies of the Armed Forces, at the end of 2007.** **GS** **NAVAL** Operations Supply Functions Functions of Administrative Functions of Territorial Control Defence Organization Contingents Functions of Operational Control |G Main Command Centre|S Support Forces Command| |---|---| |JOINT OPERATIONAL LAND AIR NAV COMMAND FORCES COMMAND FORCES COMMAND FORCES C Directorate of Western Directorate of Southern North Territorial Operational Command Operational Command Command A Dr im rey c tC oo rr ap tes’ УA Упi пrрр аF авo кв D кл оr л оc iі мrні мe eн анs c ан ня’ t я дo C дп уrпo уо aвоm вtв аeв аі нmті нт ьр ьa ряn янd ни ихх Op CN e era nav t ta i ro el ns н Formations Armed Forces Formations, Land Formations, Stand-by Fo large units and units Forces units Air Forces units Forces Naval Peacekeeping Functions of Operational Functions of Administrative Fun|| ----- chapter 3 IMPROVEMEN T O F A R M E D F O R C E S C O M M A N D A N D C O N T R O L S Y S T E M A N D S T R U C TURE The analysis of GS functions and respective command and control lines of the Armed Forces proved that it is necessary to establish in the GS structure the Main Finance and Economy Directorate in order to ensure fulfilment of its missions. MOD and GS structures in 2007 are shown in Annex 4. During the year the principle of proportional representation of Services was consolidated in appointing GS command personnel. Naval Forces Flag officers were assigned to positions of Deputy Chief of the General Staff (MajorGeneral V.O. Ageev) and Chief of Main Operational Directorate (Rear Admiral S.V. Kabanenko). The establishment of the Single Automated Command and Control System was continued. The gradual transfer of communication and automation system to digital transmission and processing of information, automation of command and control processes took place in the framework of this system. Currently 20% of signal centres of command and control bodies are connected to the Armed Forces digital integrated communications network through implementing modern digital technologies. Creation of the single administrative and economic processes control system of the Armed Forces was launched in the MOD Central Office. This system is to become a component of the Single Automated Command and Control System. Its pilot project is currently in use, encompassing five spheres of activities (Figure 3.2) and all command and control levels – from MOD to military units. Testing of the first line of the system started in December 2007. **Figure 3.2. The first line of the Single administrative and economic processes control system of the** Armed Forces **I level** MINISTRY OF DEFENCE GENERAL STAFF **II level** **DATA BANK** **БАНК** Services **ДАНИХ** Operational tactical Formations **III level** Formations and military units Commutation FINANCE PERSONNEL LOGISTICS HOUSING MATERIEL Centre Subsystem Subsystem Subsystem Subsystem Subsystem All main processes of administrative activities control in the Armed Forces will be encompassed and connected by this system by 2011, in particular: - decision-making and evaluation of command and control efficiency; - registration of all kinds of resources of the Armed Forces; - defence (resource) planning; - maintenance and repair of weapons and equipment; - selection and appointment of personnel; - accounting of pay, salaries and other types of pay to personnel; - activities in support of law and order in the Armed Forces, registration and analysis of offences. ----- IMPROVEMEN T O F A R M E D F O R C E S C O M M A N D A N D C O N T R O L S Y S T E M A N D S T R U C T URE chapter 3 In 2007 the creation of a comprehensive system of strategic planning was being continued in the framework of improvement of MOD command and control processes. With the purpose of bringing the content of planning in accordance with current conditions of development of the Armed Forces, legislative and legal provisions of strategic planning were developed, long-term, mid-term and short-term documents came into effect, and the respective chain of command and control bodies were created. Next steps in improving the planning system will be the combination of strategic planning processes of the Armed Forces’ employment in a single cycle, as well as their development and budget planning (Figure 3.3). **Figure 3.3. Algorithm of a Single Cycle of Strategic Planning** **Experience of training, development and employment of the Armed Forces, results of experiments, estimation of capabilities** **Activities of the Armed Forces** _Advice_ _re-evaluationreview,_ **Armed Forces Capabilities** _Military-political_ _Definition of necessary_ _Main results of_ _Results and_ _guidance_ _capabilities_ _planning_ _resources_ **State Programme of Development** **CAPABILITY** **of the Armed Forces** (mid-term programme to achieve **AND READINESS** necessary capabilities) **TO PERFORM** **DESIGNATED** **Programme of** **MISSIONS:** **Development of** **Weapons and Equipment** 1. Flexibility to situational changes 2. Capability for lift to area of operations 3. Interoperability 4. Employment efficiency **Strategic Plan of the Armed Forces’** 5. Adequate supply for mission **Employment** performance Requirements of the Strategic Concept of the Armed Forces’ employment, previously balanced with defence resources, are the starting data for two planning processes: in GS – strategic employment of the Armed Forces and obtaining the possibilities to carry out all designated missions; in MOD – formation (specification) of the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces, aimed at the provision of these possibilities. The final result is achievement of necessary capabilities of the Armed Forces under any scenario of their employment, as well as distribution of available resources to provide for day-to-day activities and development of the Armed Forces. **The above mentioned activities enable balancing the structures of MOD and GS,** **improving the mechanism of interaction between their structural units, increasing** **the role of these elements in reaching objectives in the sphere of defence, and** **defining the directions for further development of strategic command and control** **levels in the Armed Forces.** Operational and Operational-Tactical Command and Control In 2007 improvement of command and control bodies at Operational and OperationalTactical levels was aimed at the centralization and quality improvement of command and control and thus raising formations’ and units’ combat effectiveness. Activities involved: - optimizing functions and organization of command and control bodies; - specifying provisions on Operational Commands, Air Commands, Territorial Directorates to independent assigned functions and objectives’ performance; - specifying functions and missions of Operational Commands taking into account planned activities on disbandment of arsenals, bases and depots; _review,_ _re-evaluation_ ----- chapter 3 IMPROVEMEN T O F A R M E D F O R C E S C O M M A N D A N D C O N T R O L S Y S T E M A N D S T R U C TURE - reorganizing Army Corps’ command and control bodies to a uniformed organizational structure. _Land Force Command has initiated the establishment of the West and South territorial_ directorates, with the following major functions: organization of territorial defence, accounting and generating mobilization resources, as well as disbandment of military units that are not part of the future organization of the Armed Forces. _Air Force Command has defined the structure of the Command, Control And Warning_ Centres (CCAC), responsible for the operational command and control of the Forces and coordination with the Joint Operational Command. The automated command and control system of the aviation and air defence of the Armed Forces continued to develop, together with their adaptation to corresponding NATO standards. _Naval Force Command concentrated its main efforts to improving the military_ command and control structure, enhancing its alert capabilities and quality of function, restoring stationary command posts’ combat effectiveness and modernizing mobile command posts’ equipment, providing command-post vehicles with state-of-the-art systems and automation means. It has completed the establishment of the Coastal Defence Troops Centre and Maritime Operations Centre (on the basis of a mixed-type squadron), responsible for operational command and control of forces and coordination with the Joint Operational Command. Naval Force Command operational staff’s work-stations were equipped with modern means of communications and automation on protected command posts, mobile command post of the Coastal Defence Troops Centre, an onboard command-post of the Maritime Operations Centre, on Donbas command ship. _Joint Operational Command has completed the establishment of the Peacekeeping_ Operations Centre, deployed the communications and information support system while measures to hand over the command and control functions of peacekeeping contingents to the Command were finalized.After military exercises and planning of tasks forces’operations and their command and control in 2007, there were specified functions and interoperability issues of the Joint Operational Command and the Armed Services Commands. The organization structure of Joint Operational Command at the end of 2007 is shown in Annex 4. The regulations concerning functions and organization structure of Operational and _Air Command have been specified. An important mission for operational commands was to_ increase survivability and explosive and fire safety of arsenals, bases and depots. The Territorial Directorate has worked out new regulatory provisions and specified its main functions and missions on mobilization control as well as organization and establishment of the territorial defence and coordination with central and local administrations. **The improvement of the command and control bodies of the Forces at** **the Operational and Operational-Tactical level is aimed at their structural** **transformation, increasing efficiency and bringing the command and control system** **to NATO standards. Changes in the command and control bodies were implemented** **simultaneously with carrying out their direct responsibilities and had no negative impact** **on the results of their activities.** MISSION ACCOMPLISHMENT RESULTS OF COMMAND AND CONTROL OVER PEACEKEEPING CONTINGENTS OF THE ARMED FORCES Command and control over peacekeeping units of the Armed Forces was fully transferred to Joint Operational Command in 2007. Gradual transfer of the command, control and coordination of employment of combined task forces is currently underway and is planned to be completed by 2009. The organization of the command, control and communications of peacekeeping contingents of the Armed Forces is shown in Figure 3.4. Since the beginning of the year, command and control over peacekeeping contingents has been transferred to the three-level system (strategic level – GS; operational level – JOC; tactical level – Peacekeeping Contingent’s HQ) with subsequent re-distribution of functions between command and control bodies. ----- IMPROVEMEN T O F A R M E D F O R C E S C O M M A N D A N D C O N T R O L S Y S T E M A N D S T R U C T URE **Figure 3.4. Organization of Command and Control over Peacekeeping Contingents of the Armed Forces** chapter 3 ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES OF THE ARMED FORCES During 2007, JOC conducted operational planning for combined task forces employment in crisis situations, and executed direct command and control over these forces, as well as the means, designated to participate in counter-terrorism operations and disaster, accident and man-made relief operations. The structural bodies of JOC and their function are fully compatible and interoperable with NATO staffs. **The transfer of command and control over peacekeeping contingents of the** **Armed Forces to the three-level system and assurance of their full compatibility** **with NATO standards contributes to increasing capabilities and efficiency of the** **command and control system and peacekeeping contingents’ deployment.** In 2007, structural optimization of the Armed Forces was organized according to the missions stated in the Strategic Concept of Employment of the Armed Forces, taking into account the requirements in resources required for their fulfilment. The overall structure of the Armed Forces underwent no major changes. The main attention of MOD and GS was paid to the structural optimization of command and control bodies, military units and raising JRRF combat effectiveness, in particular, its main component – the Immediate Reaction Forces. The structure of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in 2007 is shown in Annex 4. In order to create favourable conditions for the successful accomplishment of special activities aimed at prevention and resolution of armed conflicts, and support of the combined task forces in the operations of the Armed Forces and its counter-terrorism activities. Establishment of the Special Operations Forces and a new command and control body – Special Operation Forces Command (SOFC) was initiated in 2007. The status and structure of these forces and the major missions of SOFC in time of peace and during crises has been determined. ----- chapter 3 IMPROVEMEN T O F A R M E D F O R C E S C O M M A N D A N D C O N T R O L S Y S T E M A N D S T R U C TURE Reduction of the Armed Forces was conducted according to the indices determined by the Law of Ukraine “On the numerical strength of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for 2007”. The reduction totalled 21,000 personnel, including 13,000 Service personnel. At the end of 2007, the total strength of the Armed Forces was 200,000 personnel, including 152,000 Service personnel. The changes of the Armed Forces’ strength are shown in Annex 6. One of the major objectives of the organizational activities was to initiate the gradual transfer of the forces to the structure, and mastering the organizational procedures and implementation, similar to the standards of NATO Member-States’ Armed Forces. In 2007, an airmobile brigade with an assigned army aviation regiment was created in the Land Force to meet this objective. Immediate command and control over the brigade is executed by the Land Force Command. Two Territorial Directorates were created in the structure of the operational commands. A typical structure of the Army Corps, taking account of NATO standards and procedures in the organization of employment was introduced. The command and control bodies of one airmobile brigade, two mechanized brigades, an army aviation regiment and an engineer corps regiment assumed the J-structure. The structure of Land Force at the end of 2007 is shown in Annex 4. The Air Force implemented the following: - one attack aviation brigade, five fighter aviation brigades and one bomber and reconnaissance aviation brigade were transformed into the aviation brigades of tactical aviation; - transportation aviation brigades were transformed; - one anti-aircraft artillery regiment was re-deployed; - education and training centre of the Kharkiv Air Forces’ University was disbanded, while the Scientific Centre of the Kharkiv Air Forces’ University is about to be created on the basis of the Joint Research and Development Institute of the Armed Forces; - transformation of the Air Commands into Command, Control and Warning Centres (CCWC) is still in progress. The structure of the Air Force at the end of 2007 is shown in Annex 4. The _Naval Force conducted activities, aimed at the structural improvement_ of command and control bodies. The centralization process of the Directorate of Logistics according to the territorial principle is in progress. The establishment of the Naval Logistics Centre has been initiated. The structure of the Naval Force at the end of 2007 is shown in Annex 4. **The execution of the planned actions for the development of the command and** **control system of the Armed Forces and optimization of its structure provide for** **gradual achievement of the indices, goals and missions determined in the State** **Programme of Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; and is aimed at** **full-scale training of the Armed Forces to accomplish their missions as well as to** **provide capabilities and flexibility of command and control.** **The structural changes in the Armed Forces of Ukraine are aimed to increase** **efficiency, the level of adaptability to a wide range of conditions, interoperability** **of forces with the forces of foreign states in the framework of multinational** **formations and while participating in the multilateral operations.** ----- #### FORCES TRAINING FORCES TRAINING SYSTEM: GENERAL APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES SUMMARY OF IMPLEMENTAION OF FORCES TRAINING PLANS INTERNATIONAL EXERCISES IN THE GENERAL SYSTEM OF FORCES TRAINING ###### CHAPTER 4 ----- ----- ###### CHAPTER 4 #### FORCES TRAINING orces training to fulfil designated missions remains an unconditional priority of Armed Forces’ activity. ### FThe level of training is the index of combat effectiveness of the Forces, and a key component of public confidence in the Armed Forces, as well as Ukraine’s authority in the sphere of international security. In 2007 improvement of the level of training of command and control bodies, military units, military education institutions and organizations was conducted with reference to their future development, and enrichment of the content of combat and operational training with specific tasks designated in the related mission statements taken into consideration. The main efforts and resources were aimed at achieving planned augmentation of the Joint Rapid Reaction Forces’ combat effectiveness, learning by the forces of methods and techniques to fulfil the tasks designated in the Principles of Training and Employment of the Armed Forces, and to enable comprehensive support to joint operations. Possibilities of international military cooperation have been widely used to enhance the level of Armed Forces combat effectiveness. FORCES TRAINING SYSTEM: GENERAL APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES During 2005-2007 approaches to combat training of the Forces have experienced crucial changes in its organization, content and character, evaluation criteria of military formations and units readiness to perform designated missions. From an organizational point of view training of Forces was structured so that there was a certain set of military formations and units ready to fulfill designated tasks at all times. For this purpose training of Forces is conducted in the framework of two training cycles equal in time, but different in timing and coordinated with periods of drafting and retirement from military service (the first cycle is October December and the second April - June). **Content and character of the training was brought in line with tasks designated** in the Strategic Concept of Employment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. For this goal in 2006-2007 the Principles of Training and Employment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been developed and adopted based on the Strategic Concept. It provided combat traning with real content and aimed at specific results. Specialized training for different military personnel categories: peacekeeping units and Missions personnel; contract Service personnel (sergeants’ training); Reserve Service personnel (training started in 2007); and conscript Service personnel. To focus the activity of commanders and all military personnel on combat training a number of measures was initiated to release them from non-core functions (meals provision, maintenance and guarding cantonments). To increase combat training effectiveness, opportunities of Ukraine’s participation in international exercises, peacekeeping missions and international programmes, namely, Partnership for Peace, International Military Education and Training, as well as capabilities of Individual Partnership Programme between Ukraine and NATO have been widely used. ----- FORCES TRA I N I N G chapter 4 At the same time the lack of funding is still the main challenge to adequate Forces training. During 2005-2007 the element of funds received for training purposes has been gradually decreased compared to the planned indices (Figure 4.1). A certain increase in financing in absolute numbers did not compensate a rise in the cost of material resources required for the Armed Forces. First of all, it concerns POLs necessary for conducting exercises with the use of weapons and equipment. Thus, in 2007 first of all, the main efforts in combat training of Forces were focused on qualitative training of military units of the Joint Rapid Reaction Forces **Table 4.1.Financing of Armed Forces Training (in UAH mln)** (JRRF), formations designated for participation in an experiment with contract manning, skills and readiness for tasks of Air Defence Stand-by Forces and Immediate Reaction Forces. Besides, a package of measures was initiated with the aim of development of the material and technical basis of Armed Forces training. It will permit optimizing its structure to bring the quantative and |2005|Col2|Col3|2006|Col5|Col6|2007|Col8|Col9| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |Plan|Actual|% Plan||Actual|% Plan||Actual|%| Joint Rapid Reaction Forces 257.30 137.70 _53.5_ Main Defence Forces |225.40|125.40|55.6|257.30|137.70|53.5|301.30|147.30|48.9| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |2.90|2.70|93.1|115.30|8.80|7.6|3.38|3.34|98.8| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| qualitative indices up to the level that will enable the Forces to conduct full scale training according to modern standards. Namely, the following measures have been introduced: - up-to-date training equipment, laser firing simulators, studying and training equipment based on computer technologies (Annex 5); - a priority task has been accomplished to optimize the system of exercise/ training ranges (to decrease the number of Army training ranges). A specialized training centre of the Land Force was founded at Zhitomir Combined Arms Training Range; an international centre for peacekeeping and security started to function at Yavoriv Combined Arms Training Range. In 2007 Armed Forces training was carried out with measures envisaged with plans of Forces training in mind, and in compliance with the division of command and control bodies and military units according to their functional structure. A substantial share in this field of military activities was effected in 2007. For the first time, the following activities were conducted in the Armed Forces: - computer training with Forces and training for search and rescue support; - bilateral tactical and command and staff training of Land Force and Air Force; ----- F O R C E S T R A I NING chapter 4 RESULTS OF FULFILMENT OF FORCES TRAINING PLANS - brigade computer training with a mechanized brigade from 8 [th] Army Corps; - Command-Post Exercese of airmobile and Army aviation units with practical combined actions. Results of Forces training in 2007 training year show that it became possible to reach a higher level of field, air and sea-going training of personnel on the whole, to ensure readiness of military units and formations to accomplish designated tasks, to work out questions of organization and comprehensive support of combined arms Forces activities. The level of military command and control bodies cohesion of the Armed Forces has been improved. In the past year nearly 40 different activities were carried out to master the issues of participation in information and psychological, special operations and specific actions related to anti-terrorist operations and natural and man-made disaster relief operations. The necessary level of cohesion and efficiency in the work of commanders and staffs on organization of combat activities in the field, the planned accomplishment of a set of tasks in accordance with the goals and tasks of the Armed Forces employment was achieved. In total there were conducted: 6 battalion and 15 company tactical exercises; 11 flight and tactical exercises of air squadrons; more than 100 platoon-level live firing; and some 480 squad-level live firing. The aim of those exercises was to increase the readiness level to conduct tasks designated for formations and units, including the ability of JRRF to participate in peacekeeping operations with formed unit authorized strengths. The Forces training plans and programmes have been accomplished in 2007 to the following extent: Land Force (92%), Air Force (98%) and Naval Force (84%). In particular, the intensity of combat training has increased 10% - 15% in the Land _Force. The army aviation achieved more than the planned target for training. Namely,_ the results were two times higher in live firing against ground targets. The planned flying hours target (20 hours and 34 minutes) for Main Defence Forces crews was not only achieved but exceeded. The level of training was increased in the Air Defence units equipped with the Osa-AKM anti-aircraft missile system and Tunguska antiaircraft gun and missile system. Bilateral, methodical, computer exercises and joint command and staff exercises of army aviation and air mobile military units enabled increasing combat training effectiveness. The _Air Force increased the number of launches of aviation guided missiles_ 4 times. Practical launches and firing conducted by anti-aircraft missile units at _Ashuluk Range in Russia, air-to-air missile launches, and bombings conducted by_ aviation crews at the Chauda Range were successful. ----- FORCES TRA I N I N G chapter 4 INTRNATIONAL EXERCISES IN THE GENERAL SYSTEM OF FORCES TRAINING The Naval Force successfully launched Termit anti-vessel missiles from ship based and coastal anti-ship missile systems. It resulted in a decision to prolong these missiles. Compared to 2006 the average sea-going ship time has increased by 1.5 times in JRRF and in the Main Defence Forces (1.3 times). In total it exceeded the planned target by almost 17%. At the same time, the most effective types of training, envisaging participation of military formations and units at full strength, were not fulfilled due to the low financing of the Armed Forces training programme. The level of combat units’ effectiveness has been significantly increased through employing the best international experience in organizing and conducting combat training activities with Ukrainian Armed Forces personnel participating in international exercises, (Annex 7). In 2007 Armed Forces’ representatives and units participated in 17 multinational military exercises that were carried out in the framework of multilateral cooperation, NATO Partnership for Peace Programme and NATO exercises open to Partners. (Large-scale exercises are shown in figure 4.2). Taking into consideration the international standards necessary for the Armed Forces of all the Alliance Partner-States, training of peacekeeping units’ personnel participating in international military cooperation was conducted according to separate plans, taking account of future specific tasks. Training continued of Armed Forces units designated in accordance with the Partnership for Peace Programme Planning and Review Process. (Figure 4.1) **Figure 4.1. Scheme of Armed Forces Operational Capabilities Augmentation in Planning and Review Process** Multinational Combined Arms ###### NATO/EU UKRAINE **Other functional** **components of the** **Armed Forces** ###### 2015 2011 2009 NATO Reaction Forces |015|NATO React|tion Forces|Multinational Combined Arms Operational and Tactical Forces|NAT| |---|---|---|---|---| |011 009|Participation in EU combat groups|Participation in NATO Reaction Forces exercises|Participation in response to crisis operations|| ||Participation in NATO Reaction Forces exercises|Participation in peacekeeping operations|Participation exercises programme|| ||Participation in peacekeeping operations|in PFP||| ||NATO Defence Capabilities Concept ‘s Means and Forces Forces and Means appointed to Planning and Review Process JRRF|||UKR Other fun componen Armed F| Operational and Tactical Forces Participation in response to crisis Participation in EU Participation in NATO Reaction operations combat groups Forces exercises Participation in peacekeeping operations Participation in NATO Reaction Forces exercises Participation Participation in in PFP exercises programme peacekeeping operations NATO Defence Capabilities ----- F O R C E S T R A I N ING **_Combined Endeavour-2007_** **_Tactical anti-aircraft missile forces Exercise of the Ukraine_** **(Germany)** **_Air Forces with live firing_** _Multinational Exercise of signal units_ **(Russia)** **Involved:** **Involved:** 23 Service personnel 2 anti-aircraft missile battalions of the Air Forces armed **Principal missions:** with S-300 air defence missile system Training of personnel during the implementation **Principal missions:** of international procedures to provide Integrated cooperation of assigned combat crews during communications within the framework of the execution of air target destruction multinational operations **_Slavic People for Peace_** **(Slovenia)** **_Cooperative Archer-2007_** _Tactical Exercise of mechanized_ **(Georgia)** _units of the Armed Forces of_ _Multinational Exercise of NATO_ _Ukraine and Slovenia_ _Nations and Partnership for_ _Peace Programme Partner-_ 25 Service personnel of a _States Air Forces with the_ mechanized platoon with _involvement of Forces_ authorized armament **Involved:** **Principal missions:** 22 Service personnel; Training personnel and company Vita An-26 aircraft level commanders during the **Principal missions:** implementation of peacekeeping Improvement of missions in a zone of conflict interoperability during the organization and conduct of air operations **_South-2007_** **_Black SeaFor-2007_** **(Moldova)** **(Black Sea)** _Tactical Exercise of mechanized units_ _Operational-tactical Exercise of Black Sea_ **Involved:** _regions nations’ Naval Forces_ 22 Service personnel of the separate mechanized **Involved:** brigade with authorized armament Slavutich command ship **Principal missions:** **Principal missions:** Training personnel and company level commanders Increase interoperability of Black Sea regions during the implementation of peacekeeping nations’ Naval Forces missions in a zone of conflict ----- FORCES TRA I N I N G chapter 4 An integral component of the general Force training system is training Armed Forces contingents to take part in peacekeeping operations. Such participation gives invaluable experience in organizing activities aimed at conflict settlement and employing peacekeeping contingents in real conditions. Full-scale special training of personnel and designated units was implemented at _Yavoriv International Centre for Peacekeeping and Security in 2007._ **Generally, bringing the Force training system into line with existent social-** **economic and military-technical conditions and standards, adopted in the** **Armed Forces of other nations, and also restructuring and improving the Force** **training logistics will promote: increases of combat and mobilization readiness;** **combat effectiveness of functional structures; increases in interoperability with** **corresponding structures of NATO and EU Member Nations’ Armed Forces** **during joint exercises and implementation of missions as part of multinational** **peacekeeping contingents.** ----- OF THE OFFICER CORPS WAR SCIENCE AND MILITARY EDUCATION #### TRANSITION TO PROFESSIONAL ARMED FORCES UPGRADING OF PERSONNEL POLICY IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF MANNING THE ARMED FORCES WITH CONTRACT SERVICE PERSONNEL CAREER MANAGEMENT ----- ----- ###### CHAPTER 5 #### TRANSITION TO PROFESSIONAL ARMED FORCES rofessionalisation is one of the main constituent parts of creating in Ukraine high-quality, mobile, well ### Parmed, fully equipped and efficient Armed Forces. The results of experiments on staffing troops with contract Service personnel, providing moral and material incentives to join the military service on a contract basis, enhancing the processes of contract Service personnel selection and training makes it possible, having financial preconditions, to increase the pace of transition of the Armed Forces to manning on a contract basis from 2008. UPGRADING OF PERSONNEL POLICY New approaches to personnel policy, determined in The Armed Forces’ Personnel _Policy Concept 2007, stipulate, in particular the implementation of a centralized_ system of personnel resource management, introducing career management mechanisms, professional training and social provision, and adaptation to civilian life in the case of retirement[1]. Implementation of personnel resource management Centralized personnel resource management is oriented towards each Service person’s career and administration and, on one side, substantially enhances the role of commanders in evaluating their subordinates` performances, and on the other side – provides objective control. Implementation of that system stipulates the centralization of personnel resource command and control, personalization and automated recordkeeping. **Centralization of personnel command and control is achieved by assembling** all personnel management mechanisms (personnel evaluation, assignments, rotation, terms for military ranks, and service in position etc) in personnel/staff centres of specific Service, or in one joint centre common to all Services of the Armed Forces. **Personalization and automated personnel record-keeping is carried out by** introducing integrated individual and position accounting of Armed Forces` personnel and statistical analysis of personnel policy supported by an Information Analysis Centre (ІАС) “Personnel”. ІАС accumulates control all levels: GS Main Personnel Directorate, Service Commands, Operational Commands and Territorial Directorate, HQs of military units and sub-units. In 2007 an Experiment was conducted analyzing the principles of a centralized system of personnel management and possibilities for its implementation in the Armed Forces. An Armed Forces (MOD & GS) Personnel Centre and a Land Force Personnel Centre were formed, their structures, functions and objectives were determined (Annex 8), the work of Commissions on the selection of candidates to fill the positions has started. At the end of the year, in Personnel Centres in selected Armed Forces command and control (C2) systems and military units taking part in the Experiment, automated 1 Concept approved by the order of the Minister of Defence ----- chapter 5 TRANSITION T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R C E S workstations and a local area network were deployed and put into operation. As well as conducting research exploitation of ІАС “Personnel”. The unified distributed database of individual and position personnel accounting was created in the Armed Forces Personnel Centre, and information support of the command and control system is carried out using statistical registration forms. The results of the Experiment revealed, that already at the end of 2007, appointments to the positions within the nomenclature of the Minister of Defence and the Chief of the General Staff were based on the ranking principle. Thus, according to the specified criteria, the system (automatically updated) submitted for consideration at least three candidates from the pool of candidates. In general, more than 1,000 staff appointments were made within the Experiment. The manning of “experimental” military command and control elements, units and institutions has increased by 4.9%. The Experiment clearly demonstrated the advantages of a centralized system of personnel management over the present nomenclature system. That is why, in 2008 it is planned to establish an Air Force Personnel Centre and a Navy Personnel Centre. **Implementing a centralized system of personnel management would allow to** **apply a personal approach, to guarantee transparency and openness in personnel** **appointments, to have promotion on the basis of objective evaluation of each** **Service person’s performance. The main principle of this system is to balance** **individual and Service interests.** IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF MANNING THE ARMED FORCES WITH CONTRACT SERVICE PERSONNEL The State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces defines their transition to a professional model 2010. Thus, staffing the Armed Forces with Service and Reserve personnel is gradually transferring to professional Service personnel. Manning the Armed Forces with contract Service personnel By the end of 2007, the number of Service personnel on contract in the ranks of Privates, Sergeants and Master Sergeants is 47% of the total. This is 9% higher than the previous year. (Figure 5.1). **Figure 5.1 Contract Manning of the Armed Forces** ������ ������ _The Law of Ukraine “About changes within_ _Law of Ukraine “About General_ _Military Responsibility and Military_ ������ _Service” (2006), Non-comissioned_ _officers were leveraged_ _as the sergeants_ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ###### 2005 2006 2007 ПРОГНОЗ � �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� ��������������������� ���������������������� ������������������������ ������������������������ ----- T R A N S I T I O N T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R CES chapter 5 Meanwhile, to accomplish the perspectives of the State Programme the growth rate of contracted Service personnel during the next 3 years might equal 13% to 18%. Therefore, the competitiveness of military service must be enhanced in the national employment market, first of all, providing citizens with incentives to join military service (Annex 8). During recent years the Armed Forces were able to implement activities with the aim of improving selection, training and social support of contract Service personnel, in particular: - a new version of the Law of Ukraine “On Military Duty and Military Service” (2006) was approved, determining more simplified procedures for enlistment and adding some more categories of citizens who may enter contract service. - “Regulations concerning the territorial centre of manning the Armed Forces with contract Service personnel” defines the tasks of selecting citizens for military service on a contract basis in the ranks of Privates, Sergeants and Master Sergeants; for military service in the Armed Forces Reserve; and, entering MOD military high schools (or military departments in civilian higher education institutions)[2]. - The Action Plan for forming and developing Armed Forces professional NCO personnel in 2007 2010 is being fulfilled, it comprises measures on: forming and introducing transparent and efficient system of sergeants` promotion; a new criteria system for objective evaluation of Service personnel’s skills; working out the system of multilevel training of Sergeants; enhancing the prestige of Sergeant; and optimal ratio of Privates to Sergeants[3]; - Preparing the draft “Regulations Concerning the Procedures of Military Service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine” [4] is being completed. The draft defines a new approach to manning the Armed Forces with contract Service personnel, the main issues concerning military service in the Reserve, and their rights and duties; **Figure 5.2 Provision of Contract Service Personnel with Service** Apartments **���** **���** **���** **���** **���** **�** ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� _Total number of places 2003-2007: 3,123_ - Forming the Special Fund of apartments (Figure 5.2) continues; during 2003 - 2007 as service housing for contract personnel 25 barracks (more than 3,000 places) were re-built; - The procedure for providing housing for military personnel and their family has been amended; it defines that in the case of absence of any Service lodging for contract Privates, Sergeants and Sergeant Majors who are single, they are to be accommodated free in the special fitted barracks, and married dormitories; - The level of payment to contract Service personnel has been increased. Previously the lowest payment to contract Service personnel was half the average salary | |  | |---|---| in the “Experiment” regions were military units were being manning by contract 2 Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No.1054, Aug 22 2007 3 Approved by the Chief of the General Staff Jul 20 2007. 4 From Apr 2007 is on agreement in the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Tentative term of putting into motion - first half a year of 2008. ----- chapter 5 TRANSITION T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R C E S **Figure 5.3. Level of Average Salary in Experimental Regions (Jul 2007).** **�����** **���������** **�������** **�����** **�����** ��������� ���������� ������ **Figure 5.4. Educational level of contract Service personnel,** _at the end of the year_ Primary and basic secondary education |����� �����|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|����| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |         ||||||||||||||||6") 6")| |||     ||||||||   ||||||| |||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||| Professional Technical 17,253 (33.9%) Basic Higher 2,209 (4.3%) Completed Higher 6,841 (13.4%) **�����** �������� ���������� ������� ���������� ��������� ����������� ������ ������ ������ �������� ������ ����������������������� ����������������������� personnel. Following the increase the situation has slightly improved. (Figure 5.3); Perceptible is the increase in the proportion of contract Service personnel who have completed secondary and higher education, to total contract personnel (Figure 5.4). This could be an indicator of the enhancement of social prestige and competitiveness of professional military service in the national employment market. Results of the manning experiment of designated military units with contract Service personnel In 2007 the Experiment on the transition of units of the Armed Forces to completely professional Armed Forces continued. The number of units and formations participating in the Experiment has increased from 4 to 15. At the end of the year, 9 of them were manned between 85% to 100% with contract Service personnel, (Figure 5.5), and that enables them to realize fuller value from combat training. **Figure 5.5. Manning of Experimental Units with Contract Personnel, %** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ **Land Force** **Air Force** **Naval Force** Total manning of experimental units with contract personnel: 74.2% |     |  |     | |---|---|---| |" " " " " " Land Force|" " " Air Force|" " " " " " Naval Force| ----- T R A N S I T I O N T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R CES chapter 5 **Generally, the Experiment on the transition of the Armed Forces to the** **principle of contract manning is efficient. Its intermediate results, at the same** **time, reveal that the quantity of candidate selection, as well as housing and** **payment to contract Service personnel are the most problematic.** Training contract Service personnel Among the main objectives of increasing the professionalism of the Armed Forces are: training contract Service personnel, forming the professional Sergeant Corps, capable to be in charge of training subordinate personnel and become the basis of professional Armed Forces. The system of multilevel training (retraining) of Sergeants and Master Sergeants – is being formed for that purpose. (Figure 5.6). **Figure 5.6. System of Contract Personnel Training and Service Promotion** **Sequence of Promotion** **Terms of Service** **Adviser** **of Chief** **of the General Staff** Senior Warrant Officer **Adviser of Armed Service Commander** After 15 years of service Chief Master Sergeant (Brigade), Instructor (Corps) Higher Training Level Master Sergeant, Warrant Officer Chief Company, Battalion Sergeant 8-15 years of service Middle Training Level Lance Sergeant, Sergeant, Staff Sergeant Section Leader, Chief Platoon Sergeant 3-8 years Basic Training Level Soldier, Senior Soldier Unit by three years Primary Training Level **TRAINING LEVELS** All organizational and methodological documents necessary for the system were developed in 2007. Training at primary, basic and secondary levels is planned to be implemented within the three Armed Services Centres and nine specialized training units (Centres); and, training at higher level within the three Armed Services Centres (by 30 Nov 2008). To improve the education level of contract Service personnel and to make military contract service more prestigious, in 2006 free (funded from MOD budget) higher basic education was introduced for contract Service personnel. Four higher military education institutions were involved in this project, namely: Military Institute of Telecommunication Systems of the National Technical University of Ukraine ”KPI”; Korolev Zhytomyr Military Institute of the National Aviation University; Nakhimov Sevastopol Naval Institute; and, Kharkiv Air Force University. 300 contract Service personnel can enter those education institutions yearly. Candidates are selected from contract Privates, Sergeants and Master Sergeants who ----- chapter 5 TRANSITION T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R C E S have “good” service in the Armed Forces for not less than one contract term and do not have higher education. By the end of 2007, 419 contract Service personnel are receiving higher education. From February 2007 training began for contract NCO at US military education institutions within the _International Military Education and Training (IMET)_ Programme. Seven received trained. Contract Service in the Military Reserve According to the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces, beginning in 2008, the Armed Forces will transition to the double principle of staffing Forces according to the war-time model with both assigned Reservists and those subject to military service. The Plan to amend legislative, regulatory and legal acts was developed relating to: standardization of service in the Armed Forces Reserves; determining Reservists’ status; their training; simplifying procedures and increasing the level of their financial support; and, providing the Armed Forces with military trained resources Appropriate regulatory and legal foundations were established during 2006-2007 that stipulated experimental service in the military Reserve from 1 March 2007. It was planned to involve 1,200 Reservists, including 472 officers. The plan was completed to 86.5% – 1,038 contract Service personnel, including 367 Officer-Reservists. By the end of 2011 the Armed Forces plan to **Figure 5.7 Plan of Reserve of Armed Forces intensification** Experiment |22.7|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5| |---|---|---|---|---| |8,000 14.6 5,000 7.0 4.6 3.5 3,000 1,700 1,200||||| |||||| 2007 (експеримент) 2008 2009 2010 2011 have 8,000 Reservists (Figure 5.7), their training cost will be 22.7 Million Hrn. To attract citizens to reserve service, the Minister of Defence designated increasing pay to Reservists in 2008 by 50% and per diem provision up to 50% of that determined legally. The results of the Experiment confirmed the right choice of transition strategy to best world manning standards, revealed appropriate ways, forms and methods of introducing Reserve service, and challenges, as well. The ability of the defence administration only is not always sufficient to solve them. In this case, the Verhovna Rada, the President and the Cabinet of Ministers have more authority and power. **Building up** **an** **integrated, efficient, economically** **expedient and comprehensive system to provide the** **Armed Forces with qualified and skilled personnel,** **involving the most intellectual, healthy, mentally and** **physically fit citizens into contract military service** **with worthy provision and motivation enables the** **possibility to implement** **the State Programme of** Costs for Training, Million Hrivnas Number of Reservists, Personnel **Development of the Armed Forces to the end of 2010 with complete transition to** **contract manning with proper budget financing.** ----- T R A N S I T I O N T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R CES chapter 5 CAREER MANAGEMENT OF THE OFFICER CORPS Management of Officers’ careers is aimed at the efficient implementation of their professional skills in the interest of military service, as well as providing the Armed Forces with timely, experienced and well-trained personnel. The approaches to officer manning and managing their careers have been changing substantially during the considerable reductions in personnel numbers and transition to professional Armed Forces. Implementation of new approaches to manning and career management of the Officer Corps Manning and management of Officers’ careers starts from the qualitative evaluation of personnel, developing the “Personnel Pool” and effective employment. The structural chain “Service – Evaluation - “Personnel Pool” (training) - Service” has to become the foundation of officers’ careers. Typical algorithms are being developed in the centralized system of personnel management for career management. The algorithms give the possibility to propose options of service for the officer – from the initial one to the highest possible one. An obligatory stipulation for career progression to be appointed to higher positions is relevant course training, according to the education level and professional skills required of service positions. Promotion is through evaluating the officer, listing the officer in the relevant “Personnel Pool” and then appointing to the position that corresponds to personal and professional characteristics. Certification of Positions During 2007, aiming to improve the objectivity of the new officers’ appraisal system, the evaluation criteria was improved taking account of the aspects of officers’ performance to be evaluated in positions. Each position sets specific requirements for candidates (qualification requirements: age, education, assessment of performance in previous position etc.). Experience in different appointments (command, staff, technical) is the most important requirement. A standardized description of service positions (the “Passport”) has been introduced to sustain transparency and objectivity in selection and assignment. (Annex 8). Special procedures to establish the “Personnel Pool” were developed for key officers’ positions. They are based on the new algorithm of candidates being assessed by the Certification Commission. Officer Rotation The centralized system of staff management stipulates control over the rotation of officers. Rotation is the regular process of changing officers’ duties through assignments to relevant positions, with the aim of more efficient use, raising qualifications, extending service profile and gaining broader experience. In order to provide optimal career progression and service rotation for all types of position, rotation schemes are being developed. They draw out possible ways of moving officers to equivalent positions and the terms of service. Rotation to positions of different profiles is the most complicated procedure in officers’ career management (Annex 8). Effective implementation of the rotation procedure demands resolving some social challenges, as well as psychological and professional ones ----- chapter 5 TRANSITION T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R C E S **The main mission of officers’ career management is to create an environment** **for developing necessary personnel potential – officers of the new generation,** **professionally trained, with high moral and business skills, able to carry out** **difficult tasks, and competent to lead military units in dynamic situations.** **Effective career management will sustain individual development of officers,** **with the possibility to realize full potential and personal vision of career** **progression.** WAR SCIENCE AND MILITARY EDUCATION During 2007 the optimization of the network of military scientific and education institutions was completed to Service principles, military education was integrated into the national system taking into consideration the Statements of the Bologna Declaration Structure of war science and scientific activity Research institutions and scientific units of higher military education institutes were transformed into the complete network with defined levels and directions of scientific researches during 2007. They carried into practice the scientific support of the Armed Forces. (Figure 5.8). **Figure 5.8 Network of Scientific Research Institutions of the Armed Forces and Directions of Studies** |Figure 5.8 Network of Scientific Research Institutions of the Armed Forces and Directions of Studies|Col2| |---|---| |STRATEGIC LEVEL MINISTRY OF DEFENCE GENERAL STAFF • Management of science and innovative activity in Armed Forces; • Organization, planning • Determining the directions, development of scientific and scientific-technical potential and coordination of of Armed Forces; scientific activity in • Directing and controlling the activity of subordinate scientific organizations; Armed Forces; • Forming the national defence request and participation in forming priority directions • Providing the scientific of science and engineering development in Ukraine, national scientific and scientific accompaniment of technical programmes; State programmes and • Forming the programmes of scientific technical development of Armed Forces and org­ their development; anization of their implementation Research and Education Complex at the National Defence Academy of Ukraine Central Scientific Research Two Inter-Service Centre of Military Strategic Central Scientific Research Institute Institute of Weapons and Scientific Research Research of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Military Equipment of the Armed Forces Institutes|| |SERVICE LEVEL Land Force Command Air Force Command Naval Force Command|| |Land Force Command|Naval Force Command| |• Organizing and conducting military scientific researches on the development of Services of the Armed Forces in modern conditions; • Developing operational-tactical and operational-strategic demands for future armament and materiel; Scientific Centre of Land Force at Lviv Scientific Centre of Air Force at Kharkiv Scientific Centre of Naval Force at Army Institute at National University Air Force University, on the basis of Joint Sevastopol Navy Institute “Lvivska Polytechnika” Scientific Research Institute of Air Force Scientific Centre of Combat Implementation of Land Forces Scientific Research Institutions of Armed Services (5)|| ----- T R A N S I T I O N T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R CES chapter 5 **Figure 5.9. Distribution of Scientific Research and Research** Engineering Work to Scientific Trends Scientific research institutions of the Armed Forces were integrated into the system of higher military education institutes (as a result: managerial structures and logistical subunits were reduced significantly in number; close interaction between research institutions was formed and their organization management structure was greatly improved; and, the level of planning and organization of scientific researches was enhanced. MOD and GS defined the following directions in research as priority ones: “War Security of Ukraine”, “Forms and Means of Training and Implementation of the Armed Forces” (Figure 5.9). During 2007 scientific researches were oriented to substantiate proposals concerning high quality fulfillment of the State Programme of Development of Forms and Ways of Armed Forces Implementation 27% Military Technical Policy, Defence Technologies, Development of Modern Armament and Military Engineering and Implementation into Armed Forces 15% War Security of Ukraine 40% Building of the Armed Forces 18% the Armed Forces of Ukraine and directed as follows: in War Theoretical Branch – on improving theoretical thesis of strategy and operative art; developing forms and ways of implementing the Armed Forces, and, preparing and conducting operations by Inter-Services groupings; in War Technical Branch – on determining directions for armament and military engineering development; ways to upgrade armament etc; and, prolonging technical usefulness and implementing utilization plans. Personnel Training in Education Institutions In 2007 the process of optimizing the military education institution network related to Service principles reached the final stage. By the end of the year the network included: - National Defence Academy of Ukraine; - Ukrainian Military Medical Academy, (planned to be reformed to Military Institute of Shchupyk National Medical Academy)[5]; - Three branch Training Higher Military Institutions; - Four Inter-Service Military Institutes within civilian universities; - Military Faculty of Law, three Faculties and 22 Departments of Military Training, 18 Departments of Disaster Response and Military Medicine, and Military Medicine; - One Section of Military Training ; - Kyiv Military Ivan Bohun Lyceum. Higher military education is transferred to the two degree system (according to the education qualification levels: Bachelor’s Degree and Master’s Degree) implementing external scoring during entrance tests. 5 The Draft of Decree is now in the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. ----- TRANSITION T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R C E S chapter 5 **Table 5.10 Educational system. of military specialists** POST-GRADUATE STUDIES TACTICAL-LEVEL POST-GRADUATE STUDIES IN NATIONAL IN HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATIONAL OFFICERS TRAINING ACADEMY OF DEFENCE ESTABLISHMENTS SERVICE IN REGULAR TROOPS Military service **MASTERS DEGREE** **Tactical-level officers** Tactical-level officers training in Tactical-level officers training in The magistrates “Military Science” field specific categories of higher military educational establishments SERVICE IN REGULAR TROOPS **YEARS OF** **STADYING** Military management bachelor Bachelor in profession Tactical-level officers Tactical-level officers ###### 4 Commanding officers ###### 3 Officers training with training. Specialty “Man­ civil education agement of Forces” Term 4 years 2 month Term 4 years 2 month ###### 2 Table № 1 Table № 2 ###### 1 Cadet-C Cadet-I Cadet recruitment to higher military educational establishments (on military section of civil higher educational establishments) From 2007-2008 academic year a new term of study will be attested for the officers of tactical level. The length of the course will be 4 years and 2 month. The graduations from all of military institutes are to be on September of a current year, regardless the specialty (command, engineers, etc). The European Credit Transfer System, ECTS, are being introduced for the unification of the parameters of higher education and implementation of the diploma of European standard. Along with the preparation of military specialists for the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the preparation of officers for armed formations (which are submitted to other Central legislative bodies like State Frontier service, Ministry of Extraordinary situations and in affairs concerned after Chernobyl catastrophe, Ministry of internal affairs, Governmental special transport service, National space agency, External Intelligence Service etc.) in the system of military education are being conducted. The state order for the specialist of tactical level for these organization are 200-300 persons per year, operative-tactical level – 80-100 persons, operative-strategic level – 1-3 persons per year. **Table 5.1 Military specialist state order** **2006** **2007** _For Armed forces_ Operational-strategic level officers 45 65 Operational-tactical level officers 441 262 Tactical level officers, warrant officers 848 416 _For other military formations_ Operational-strategic level officers – 2 Operational-tactical level officers 111 98 Tactical level officers, warrant officers 309 186 **At the whole** **1,754** **1,029** |SERVICE IN REGULAR TROOPS|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5| |---|---|---|---|---| |MASTERS DEGREE Tactical-level officers Tactical-level officers training in Tactical-level officers training in “Military Science” field specific categories||||| |||||| |SERVICE IN REGULAR TROOPS YEARS OF STADYING Military management bachelor Bachelor in profession 4 Tactical-level officers Tactical-level officers 3 Commanding officers Officers training with training. Specialty “Man­ civil education 2 agement of Forces” Term 4 years 2 month Term 4 years 2 month 1 Table № 1 Table № 2 Cadet-C Cadet-I|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |||||||||||||| |4|Military management bachelor Tactical-level officers|||||Bachelor in profession Tactical-level officers|Bachelor in profession Tactical-level officers|||||| |||||||||||||| |3||Commanding officers||||||Officers training with||||| |2||training. Specialty “Man­ agement of Forces” Term 4 years 2 month||||||civil education Term 4 years 2 month||||| |1|Table № 1 Cadet-C|||||Table № 2 Cadet-I||||||| |Col1|Col2|Col3| |---|---|---| |Cadet recruitment to higher military educational establishments (on military section of civil higher educational establishments)||| |Col1|2006|2007| |---|---|---| ----- T R A N S I T I O N T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R CES chapter 5 The sys tem of state servicemen training, implemented in the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, uses the ability of other higher military and civil educational institutions of Ukraine, also as training of those specialist in another countries. For example, 10 persons have been trained in National academy of state management and another 29 in other countries. Language training Taking into account active participation of Ukraine in providing of international and regional security, the perspective of joining NATO, consistent implementation of language training of Military management bodies and all Armed Forces has even more significance. From 2005 the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine taking actions towards the organization of the process of foreign language training (the prior language is English, due to the fact the it has become a language of international intercourse) by the personnel of the Ministry of Defence, General Staff, other military management bodies, also as servicemen of regular troops, and those formations who are participating in international combined training, or peacekeeping operations. **Figure 5.11. The System of the Language Training of Service Personnel** **Education and Research Centres of Language Training** Language training Permanent language training courses for Service Language training courses for Service Language training of the cadets - 507 hours abroad personnel at the military educational establish­ personnel at the Experimental military (in 2007). (up to 80 persons ments. English, French, German: beginners – 4.5 formations The exams are mandatory for entrance and per year) months; advanced – 3 months; graduation since 2005. Turkish, Greek, (Arab) – 8.5 months. Temporary courses for the Within ordinary contracted Within ordinary officers officers personnel training activities training activities (8 hours per week during 3 (1 hour per week) (3 hours per week) months) In 2007 in military educational institutions, intensive learning of foreign languages has been conducted of such a basis; 21 group of a beginner level, 12 – of advanced level, 2 groups learning German, 2 groups learning French, 1 Greek and 1 group Turkish. The recruitment of students for such courses had been conducted twice per year, on the courses of Greek and Turkish – once per year. According to the Minister of Defence decision, the realization of Pilot project Language training of state Service personnel of the Ministry of Defence and General Staff are conductuted on the courses within the National Defence Academy of Ukraine, due to International professional develoment Programme for civil personnel of Ministry of Defence. It is maintained by British Council in Ukraine, General Committee of a Common international project of professional preparation of civil personnel of Ministry of Defence, also as the NATO-Ukraine Liaison Office. During 2007 more than 40 civil servants had undergone language training. In terms of “Peacekeeping English Project” of British Council in Ukraine, during 2006-2007, 21 teachers of English, from different military institutes throughout Ukraine, improved their skills and acquired Cambridge diploma. 10 more are continuing their study. Besides, during 2007, in terms of other programmes and projects, 14 teachers of English chairs of higher educational establishments improved their qualification in testing and lecturing methodic in other countries. Specialists of Military institute of National University of T.G. Shevchenko, in collaboration with their Austrian colleagues, had finished the work on UkrainianGerman military vocabulary, and, in collaboration with French representatives, finished the work on Ukrainian-French logistic vocabulary. |gure 5.11. The System of the Language Training of Service Personnel|Col2|Col3|Col4| |---|---|---|---| |Education and Research Centres of Language Training Language training Permanent language training courses for Service Language training courses for Service Language training of the cadets - 507 hours abroad personnel at the military educational establish­ personnel at the Experimental military (in 2007). (up to 80 persons ments. English, French, German: beginners – 4.5 formations The exams are mandatory for entrance and per year) months; advanced – 3 months; graduation since 2005. Turkish, Greek, (Arab) – 8.5 months.|||| ||||| ||||| ----- chapter 5 TRANSITION T O P R O F E S S I O N A L A R M E D F O R C E S With the view to improve the system of military education and preparation of personnel, and to bring it to accordance with the new tasks and modern structure of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, during 2007 all the measures provided positive results in optimization of the network of research institions, along with higher military educational establishments. Those measures also provided integration of military institutes with civil higher educational establishments, and made a firm intention to achieve European standards. **The professionalization of Armed Forces are considered by the Ministry of** **Defence and General Staff much wider, than just forming a contract-based service.** **It is also about manning the Armed Forces with trained, morally strong citizens,** **who are conscious about the peculiarities of military service, and which are ready** **to perform their duties on defending the country from military threats. To achieve** **this, there are personnel maintenance services, military education and science** **are toiling. Besides, to create professional army it is necessary to equip it with** **modern armament and machinery, and absolute adherence of high social security** **standards of Service personnel.** ----- #### SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS A CONSTITUENT OF PROFESSIONALISATION ----- ----- ###### CHAPTER 6 #### SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS A CONSTITUENT OF PROFESSIONALISATION OF THE ARMED FORCES upporting the competitiveness of a military career in the employment market is an integral part of ### Sprofessionalization of the Armed Forces. Consequently, unconditional adherence to social guarantees for Service personnel and their family is required. These social guarantees mean financial support and other kinds of support appropriate to conditions of military service to attract both qualified military personnel and youths who are educated and aware of military service conditions. In general, the State can only expect and demand effective performance from Service personnel if appropriate social guarantees are fully provided. At the same time, this issue is connected to some acute problems that cannot be solved by the MOD alone. Allotment of social guarantees for Service personnel and their family is a national issue, therefore joint efforts of legislative and executive agencies as well as local authorities are necessary. SALARIES AND PENSIONS The inadequate salary level and its distorted structure create two main problems: 65% of monthly pay consists of additional benefits or awards, at the same time Position Pay has not been re-considered since 2000 and rank payment has not been re-considered since 1999. **Figure 6.1. Monthly Payments to Service Personnel according to** Main Typical Positions, UAH 3,117 _145%_ |3|Col2|3,117|7 145%| |---|---|---|---| |2,502 24.6%|||2,472 2,068 92.2% 1,697 1,603 66.8% 54.2% 1,240 883 850 347| ||24.6%||| |Col1|2,472| |---|---| ||| |54.2%|| |Col1|2,068| |---|---| ||| ||| |Col1|1,697| |---|---| ||| ||| |Col1|850| |---|---| ||| ||| Brigade Commander (Colonel, with 25 years’ service) Battalion Commander (Lieutenant Colonel, with 18 years’ service) Company Commander (Captain, with 10 years’ service) Platoon Commander (Lieutenant, with 5 years’ service) Service personnel with contract (1st Year of service) Essential improvements to salaries and their increase were introduced in 2007[1]. At the initial stage, salaries were raised due to additional payments. According to approved normative documents, salaries for all categories of Service personnel were increased between 30% to 70% on average and for junior officers were increased nearly double[2] (Figure 6.1). Salaries of contract Service personnel were increased by 1.1 to 1.5 times depending on Position Pay and uninterrupted military service. Consequently, monthly payment to Service personnel in the first contract is approximately UAH 900 on average or UAH 1,050 including 20% benefit for service in JRRF. To some extent, this increase benefits competitiveness of a military career in the employment market. Before 1.05.2007 After 1.05.2007 % Increase 1 The previous salary increase for all categories of Service personnel was in 2003 when the monthly benefit for uninterrupted military service was introduced. 2 Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “Some issues of salaries for Service personnel, ranks and officers” No. 594 March 28, 2007; the Order of the Minister of Defence “About limiting amount of awards for Service personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine” No. 175 April 14, 2007 ----- chapter 6 SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS A CONSTITUENT OF PROFESSIONALISATION OF THE ARMED FORCES According to data from the State Statistics Committee, the average salary in July 2007 was approximately UAH 1,280, the minimum wage was UAH 1,018 (Ternopil region), the maximum wage was UAH 2,374 (Kyiv). Hence, the current level of salaries favours competitiveness of contract military service in one region, Ternopil, (figure 6.2), and presumably in regions with high unemployment rates. **Figure 6.2. Contracted Service at the Labour Market of Ukraine, UAH** **�����** **�����** **�����** �������� ����� ���� **�����** **�����** ����� ����� ���� ��������� ������� **�����** ������ **�����** ������������ ������� **�����** ������� **�����** ������� ���������������� **�����** ������� **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** ���������� ��������������� **�����** �������� ������� **�����** **�����** �������� **�����** ��������� **�����** **�����** **�����** �������� ������ ����� **�����** **�����** ����������� Payment to Service Personnel with 1st Contract on average UAH 900 (UAH 1,050 including 20% benefit for **�����** service in JRRF) Necessary legal prerequisites have been created for the second stage of increasing salary[3]. From 1 January 2008 the salary composition will be changed due to increasing Position Pay and canceling ineffective additional payments that do not have a stimulating effect (Main Pay element will be between 60% to 70%). The fulfillment of this task is expected in 2008. Rank payments are expected to be increased after 1 January 2009. Increasing Service personnel salary has led to corresponding increases in pension support. After 1 January 2008 pension support for former Service personnel will be re-assessed. Pension support will be increased depending on the position and rank between 38% to 70 % on average. 3 Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “About improvement of structure and salary terms for Service personnel, ranks and officers” No. 1294 November 7, 2007; the Order of the Minister of Defence “About position pay for officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine” No. 707 December 30, 2007 ----- SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS A CONSTITUENT OF PROFESSIONALISATION OF THE ARMED FORCES chapter 6 INSURANCE, BENEFITS AND COMPENSATION **Salary for all categories of Service personnel was increased in 2007. The new** **principle of salary increase was implemented. In future, salary will be increased** **in terms of Position Pay, rank pay and long-service pay. No new payments types** **will be introduced.** **At the same time, increasing salary for contract Service personnel is essential** **for a professional military career to be competitive in the national employment** **market.** One of the main problems of proper social protection was the imbalance of insurance and pension support for Service personnel compared to other State uniformed agencies. In 2007 measures were undertaken to unify assignment and level of social protection for all state military formations and law enforcement agencies. The unitary approach concerning compensation in case of in-service disablement or death initiated by the President for all state military formations in 2007. The law entered into force effecting a single compensation for mutilation or death of Service personnel, citizens liable for call-up and Reservists who engaged in training, their complies with compensation in other security, defence and law enforcement agencies[4]. The practice started in 1995 of re-considering and abolishing benefits, compensation and guarantees in the laws on State Budget of Ukraine continues. In July 2007 the Constitutional Court of Ukraine declared such practice unconstitutional[5]. Despite this, the Law on State Budget of Ukraine 2008 decreases considerably the implementation of certain Articles of Statutes in force which provided certain benefits and/or payment support for Service personnel. HOUSING MOD is striving to provide Service personnel with appropriate accommodation. Despite the fact that during 2005-2007 almost 12,600 apartments were constructed or bought by MOD for Service personnel and this issue has been considered by the supreme executive authorities[6] the problems with housing are far from being solved and the situation even deteriorates. At the beginning of 2007, there were 51,500 Service personnel waiting for accommodation, of which 12,400 (24%) were retired Service personnel, and 20,000 (39%) were waiting more than 10 years. The situation is due to three reasons. Firstly, limited financing of housing construction and purchase of accommodation for Service personnel 4 Law of Ukraine “On changes to some legislative acts concerning social protection of Service personnel, citizens liable for call-up and Reservists who are called up for training (or control) and special exercises” November 3, 2006 introduces changes to the Article 16 of Law of Ukraine “On social and legal protection of Service personnel and their family members”. Thus, in case of death of Service personnel one time payment is assigned which equals 10-year allowance according to last position but is less than 100 living wages of able-bodied population as of the day of payment. 5 Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine No. 6 July 9, 2007 6 e.g. Decree of the Supreme Council of Ukraine “On information of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine concerning fulfillment of Recommendations of Parliament hearings “On situation with housing and other guarantees for social protection of Service personnel, officers and ranks in the internal affairs agencies and some other persons” No. 541 January 9, 2007 ----- chapter 6 SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS A CONSTITUENT OF PROFESSIONALISATION OF THE ARMED FORCES funded by the State Budget resulted in the discrepancy between construction rate and rate of increase in Service personnel waiting for accommodation. Secondly, the corresponding budget plans are continuously unfulfilled. Thirdly, irregular General Budget Fund funding decreases the effectiveness of its utilization (Table 6.1). **Table 6.1. Financial Support of Construction of Accommodation for Service personnel** **2005** **2006** **2007** **Planned,** **Received,** **%** **Planned,** **Received,** **%** **Planned,** **Received,** **%** **_UAH mln_** **_UAH mln_** **completed** **_UAH mln_** **_UAH mln_** **completed** **_UAH mln_** **_UAH mln_** **completed** Construction of housing for 724.7 599.6 _77.4_ 1 271.8 623.6 _49.0_ 599.7 496.6 _82.8_ Service personnel, incl.: General Fund 404.4 404.4 _100.0_ 350.7 350.7 _100.0_ 359.3 359.3 _100.0_ Special Fund 320.3 195.2 _60.9_ 921.1 272.9 _29.6_ 240.4 137.3 _57.1_ It is to be mentioned that the situation with funding is accompanied by constantly rising costs for accommodation, construction work and materials. |Construction of housing for Service personnel, incl.: General Fund Special Fund|2005 Planned, Received, % UAH mln UAH mln completed 724.7 599.6 77.4 404.4 404.4 100.0 320.3 195.2 60.9|2006 Planned, Received, % UAH mln UAH mln completed 1 271.8 623.6 49.0 350.7 350.7 100.0 921.1 272.9 29.6|2007 Planned, Received, % UAH mln UAH mln completed 599.7 496.6 82.8 359.3 359.3 100.0 240.4 137.3 57.1| |---|---|---|---| **Figure 6.3. Financial Support of the Housing Programme of the** Ministry of Defence in 2007 **Budget Plan UAH 599.7** **million** Special Fund General Fund 40.1% 59,9% (UAH 240.4 million) (UAH 359.3 million) **Financed** **UAH 469.6 million** **Special Fund** **General Fund** Financed Financed 57.1% (UAH 137.3 million) 100% (UAH 359.3 million) Deficit 42.9% (UAH 103.1 million) **Budget Allocation** **359.3 млн. грн.** Housing Provided by Employer Permanent Housing 91% (UAH 326.5 million) 9% (UAH 32.8 million) In 2007 housing construction was provided with UAH 599.7 million, of which UAH 359.3 million (General Fund) and UAH 240.4 (Special Fund). The Plan included the construction or purchase of 3,109 apartments at a cost not exceeding the average cost defined by the Ministry of Regional Development and Construction. That would have equated to 70% of accommodation to be provided in 2006. However, the Government failed to solve the problem with the Special Fund for housing construction[7]. UAH 137.3 million (57%) of the State Budget allocation for the Special Fund was provided only by the end of the year which in practice ruled out the construction (purchase) of housing financed by this fund (figure 6.3). General Fund finance was not provided by the Ministry of Regional Development and Construction until the third week in May. Moreover, budget fund allocation envisaged UAH 326.5 million (91% of general amount) to be spent on construction or purchase of housing provided by the employer and only UAH 32.8 million (9%) was allocated to construction (purchase) of permanent housing for serving and retired Service personnel. Therefore, due to the imbalance in budget fund allocation and actual funding level, only 1,560 accommodation units were provided in 2007, that is three times lower than in 2006. |Budget Plan UAH 599.7 million|Col2| |---|---| |Special Fund General Fund 40.1% 59,9% (UAH 240.4 million) (UAH 359.3 million) Financed UAH 469.6 million Special Fund General Fund Financed Financed 57.1% (UAH 137.3 million) 100% (UAH 359.3 million) Deficit 42.9% (UAH 103.1 million)|| |Financed 57.1% (UAH 137.3 million) Deficit 42.9% (UAH 103.1 million)|Financed 100% (UAH 359.3 million)| 7 According to order of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 491 September, 2006 disposal of surplus military property was terminated. It was renewed only in August 2007 due to the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers “Some issues of disposal and management of surplus military property” No. 1063 August 15, 2007. ----- SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS A CONSTITUENT OF PROFESSIONALISATION OF THE ARMED FORCES chapter 6 **Figure 6.4. Level of Providing Housing to Military Personnel and** their Family _54.1_ _50.8_ _51.5_ 6.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 3.5 2.5 2.8 1.6 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Number of Military Personnel Waiting for Accommodation at the beginning of the year, thousand Construction and Purchase of Housing at the end of the year, thousand Generally, the experience of construction (purchase) of housing for Service personnel during 2005 – 2007 proved the following: - Introduced in 2007 accumulation of General Fund cost allocated by the State Budget for construction (purchase) of housing for Service personnel in the Ministry of Regional Development and Construction is inefficient; - MOD cannot be responsible for Special Fund supply due to the fact that disposal of surplus military property is conducted by the Department of Surplus Property and Land, which was created within the MOD structure but it is responsible to the Cabinet of Ministers[8]. - The completion of MOD housing programmes is complicated by the inconsistency of legal documents |4.4 4.6 3.5 2.5 2.8|Col2|4.5 1.6| |---|---|---| SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION OF RETIRED SERVICE PERSONNEL concerning construction and/or purchase of housing as well as by durability, complicacy and excessive expenses of tender procedures. On the other hand, MOD cannot use funding such as privileged crediting, housing certificates, stocks, etc. because it is not permitted under Regulations. MOD is striving to develop the unitary state mechanism which together with local authorities will enable the fulfillment of state guarantees concerning accommodation for Service personnel and their family. **In general, the current situation with accommodation for Service personnel** **and their family requires urgent and extraordinary measures. The problems with** **Service personnel accommodation liabilities cannot be solved through traditional** **methods.** An essential constituent of social protection of Service personnel is the right of certain categories to free social and professional adaptation during the final year before retirement and after retirement. In 2007 MOD formed the system of Service personnel adaptation and introduced the State Programme for Social and Professional Adaptation of Service personnel who would retire and retired Service personnel for the period to 2011 to enable implementation of this right[9]. Social and professional adaptation is a complex issue and in addition to MOD the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy, the Ministry of Education and Science, the State Employment Centre as well as Ukrainian and international non-governmental organizations facilitate adaptation (figure 6.5). To solve adaptation problems the capabilities of international projects and programmes are used with funding from OSCE, NATO’s Economic Directorate and the Government of Norway. During 2007, 1,835 persons 8 Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers “Some issues of management of property disposed due to the reform of the Armed Forces” No. 560 April 26, 2006 9 Approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 720 May 12, 2007 ----- chapter 6 SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS A CONSTITUENT OF PROFESSIONALISATION OF THE ARMED FORCES were re-trained within the framework of international projects and programmes in Ukraine. It is the first time family members were also involved. At the end of 2007 the network of professional re-training establishments created within the mentioned programmes practically covers all of Ukraine (table 6.2). **Measures on social and professional adaptation undertaken by MOD and** **its partners create favorable conditions for retired Service personnel to transit** **from military life to civilian life and to succeed in the labour market and in life** **generally.** **Figure 6.5. The System of Social Adaptation of Service personnel in 2007** |MINSTRY OTHER MILITARY FORMATIONS AND OF DEFENCE STRUCTURES OF THE ARMED FORCES STATE DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF LABOR OF ADAPTATION AND SOCIAL POLICY SERVICE PERSONNEL WHO RETIRED OR WHO ARE PLANNED TO RETIRE STATE PROGRAMME STATE EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL CENTRE ADAPTATION REGIONAL EMPLOYMENT REGIONAL SERVICE PERSONNEL ADAPTATION CENTRES CENTRES AT HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OTHER PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROGRAMME (accord­ ing to the results of tenders) NON-GOVERNMENTAL INTERREGIONAL CENTRES INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES OF PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS RE-TRAINING AND FUNDS P A R T N E R S HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS INTERNA­ PROGRAMMES, PROJECTS SEVASTOPOL TIONAL FUND OFFICER OF SOCIAL LEAGUE ADAPTATION MINISTRY OF • UKRAINIAN FUND OF SOCIAL GUARAN­ EDUCATION TEES FOR SERVICE PERSONNEL AND AND SCIENCE VETERANS OF THE ARMED FORCES • INTERNATIONAL CHARITY FUND FOR INTERNA­ RESOURCE SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL ADAPTA­ TIONAL FUND AND CAREER TION OF RETIRED SERVICE PERSONNEL EUROASIA CENTRE • UKRAINIAN ASSOCIATION OF RETIRED CAREER OFFICERS|Col2|Col3| |---|---|---| |||NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS AND FUNDS PROGRAMMES, PROJECTS • UKRAINIAN FUND OF SOCIAL GUARAN­ TEES FOR SERVICE PERSONNEL AND VETERANS OF THE ARMED FORCES • INTERNATIONAL CHARITY FUND FOR SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL ADAPTA­ TION OF RETIRED SERVICE PERSONNEL • UKRAINIAN ASSOCIATION OF RETIRED CAREER OFFICERS| |||| |INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS P A R T N E R S INTERNA­ SEVASTOPOL TIONAL FUND OFFICER OF SOCIAL LEAGUE ADAPTATION INTERNA­ RESOURCE TIONAL FUND AND CAREER EUROASIA CENTRE||| ----- SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS A CONSTITUENT OF PROFESSIONALISATION OF THE ARMED FORCES **Table 6.2. Professional re-training of Service personnel within international projects and programmes** chapter 6 |Title of project/programme|Participants of funding|Directions of professional re-training programme|Re-training centres network|Results of re-training 2007, persons| |---|---|---|---|---| ----- SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS A CONSTITUENT OF PROFESSIONALISATION OF THE ARMED FORCES chapter 6 **In general, Ukrainian Governmental Institutions pay attention to a proper** **level of social protection for Service personnel. It gives evidence that social** **guarantees are understood by the State as a constituent of professionalizing the** **Armed Forces. The initiatives of the President of Ukraine concerning a high level** **of social guarantees for Service personnel and their family are appreciated by** **them.** **At the same time, many problems persist that require joint efforts of legislative** **and executive powers and local authorities. The major issue is housing for Service** **personnel, including retired personnel.** ----- PATRIOTIC EDUCATION ACTIVITIES OF THE ARMED FORCES #### NEW FORMAT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY ASSISTANCE TO CIVILIAN MINISTRIES AND AGENCIES, LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND CIVIL POPULATION ENHANCEMENT OF DEMOCRATIC CIVIL CONTROL OVER THE ARMED FORCES ----- ----- ###### CHAPTER 7 #### NEW FORMAT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY he defining principles of relations between the Armed Forces and society are the highest possible ### Topenness and transparency of military activities, community participation in developing defence policy, establishing public confidence in the Armed Forces and public support to activities of the Armed Forces. In 2007 the main trends of civil military cooperation were assistance by the Armed Forces to civilian ministries and agencies as well as to local authorities; improvement of democratic civil control over the Armed Forces; and, patriotic education activities of the Armed Forces. Objective appraisal of public attitude to the Armed Forces indicates the highest level of public support compared to other State institutions, according to a sociological survey (table 7.1)[1]. **Table 7.1. Level of Authorities and State Institutions Activities Support by Citizens,** _% of survey participants_ |Col1|Fully support|Support some activities|Disapprove|Difficult to answer| |---|---|---|---|---| ASSISTANCE TO CIVILIAN MINISTRIES AND AGENCIES, LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND CIVIL POPULATION Legally defined functions of the Armed Forces include assistance to central and local authorities to protect civilian population and territory from potentially dangerous sites of aftermath of accidents, search and rescue operations as well as disaster relief. Armed Forces Campaign Plans include corresponding tasks in manuals of formations and military units . Removal of emergency consequences In 2007 the Armed Forces participated in the liquidation of 9 emergency situations in different regions of Ukraine, assisting the Ministry of Emergency Situations, local authorities and local population (figure 7.1). In July Service personnel of 704 Separate Regiment were the first to arrive at the site of the man-made disaster near village, Ozhydiv in Lviv region. The Service 1 The table provides data of national sociological survey conducted by Razumkov Centre in all regions of Ukraine on 20 – 26 December 2007. 2, 018 respondent aged 18 + were surveyed. Theoretical error of the sample does not exceed 2.3 %. ----- NEW FORMAT O F R E L AT I O N S B E T W E E N A R M E D F O R C E S A N D S O C I E T Y chapter 7 **Scheme 7.1. Participation of the Armed Forces in liquidation of consequences of emergency situations in 2007** In January, during the liquidation of In July, during the liquidation of consequences of hurricane In August, during forest fires in the Republic of consequences of a hurricane in Lviv region the in Volyn region the following activities were performed: **Crimea and in Dnipropetrovsk and Kherson regions** following activities were performed: - cleaning of local towns and villages of Turiysk region the following activities were performed: - clearning motorways, streets, and cars of from obstructions, trees and rubbish; - extinguishing forest fire; snow; - unloading of building materials donated affected areas; - digging of the areas in fire; - delivery of diesel electro stations; - delivery of diesel electro stations; - covering fire zones with sand; - establishment of field kitchens and providing - establishment of field kitchens and providing catering - regeneration of the ANT fire protective lines. catering for local population. for local population. _Deployed troops and equipment:_ _Deployed troops and equipment:_ _Deployed troops and equipment:_ - personnel – 896; - personnel – 318; - personnel – 41; - vehicles – 77 (including fire engines – 38). - vehicles – 53 (including bulldozers, graders, - vehicles – 8 excavators). �������� _In July, during the liquidation of railway accident next_ ����� ���� _to v. Ozhydiv (Lviv region) the following activities were_ _carried out:_ ����� ����� ���� - providing special suds stations to the damaged - sanitary treatment of personnel, special treatment tank wagons and polluted territories; ��������������������� ������� ������� ������� ������ - providing 60 people poisoned by phosphorous of fire teams special uniform; ������� ���������������� ������� burning with medical support in Military Medical ���������� ��������������� �������� Clinical Centre of Western region; ������� - recultivation of the territories polluted with �������� phosphorous (more than 1,600 kg of crystallized ��������� phosphorous were gathered and loaded into containers); �������� - participation in repairing works on the damaged ������ areas of the railway in both directions and ����� fortification of the dam with 1,200 sandbags. _Deployed troops and equipment:_ - personnel – 206; - vehicles – 24 ����������� In November, during the liquidation of consequences of the Black Sea cyclone in the Republic of Crimea and Kerch Strait the following activities were carried out: In January, during the liquidation of technical accident on the vessel - search and rescue operations of crew members of sunken vessels; “Odisk” (overboard water hit dangerous freight (2,000 tons of - Surveillance of the coastal zone; feromarganese) and caused a chemical reaction and emission of - Clearing of shore line from fuel oil (the main tool was spade); phorcyn gas) the following activities were carried out: The total amount of gathered polluted mixture – nearly 27,100 bags. - Transportation of dangerous freight to Kerch port. Coastal zone 680m long, 3.5-5m wide was cleaned. _Deployed troops and equipment:_ _Deployed troops and equipment:_ - personnel – 62; Personnel – 130б - vehicles – rescue vessel “Kremenets” personnel of 80 Airborne Regiment, 3 Army Aviation Regiment and employees of Military Medical Clinical Centre of Western region took part in liquidation. In August nearly 900 Service perosnnel took part and 77 items of special and automobile equipment of the Armed Forces were operational in extinguishing a forest fire in Kherson, Dnipropetrovsk regions and in the Republic of Crimea. In all cases medical Service personnel who helped Service personnel, rescuers and local population took part in liquidation of consequences of natural and man-caused disasters. **In total, in 2007 1,653 Service personnel, 162 items of special and automobile** **equipment and a rescue ship of the Ukrainian Armed Forces took part in** **liquidation of consequences of emergency situations.** Destruction of ammunition Legal documents defined some tasks for the Armed Forces: to destroy explosive objects and ammunition and to demine the areas secured for the MOD. Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers №776, 18 August 2005 “ On changes in the Decree of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine December 11 № 2294”; Common decree of the Ministry of Emergencies, Ministry of Defence and Administration of the State ----- N E W F O R M AT O F R E L AT I O N S B E T W E E N A R M E D F O R C E S A N D S O C I ETY chapter 7 border service “On organization of searching and destroying explosives on the territory of Ukraine” No.53/51/66, 2 February 2006 The de-mining is carried out by 54 freelance groups: 47 groups from the Army, 3 groups from the Navy and 4 groups from the Air Force. In the structure of the AF there is a Demining Centre (Kamyanets-Podilsky, Khmelnytsky region) that performs training of appropriate specialists for all force structures, as well as for peacekeeping missions and structures of humanitarian assistance. Groups that attend training course in the Centre of de-mining carry out practical tasks. They took part in the liquidation of consequences of ammunition stores explosions in Novoboghdanivka, where they determined and destroyed more than 200,000 items of ammunition, 19,000 of which were exploded. In Artemivsk 12,000 were destroyed in such a way, and at the base next to v. Tsvitokha – more than 120,000 items of ammunition. In 2007 de-mining groups of the AF destroyed nearly 24,000 ammunitions buried in the ground during the Wars across of 486 hectares. And in total, starting from 1992, 500,000 explosives were determined and destroyed on the territory of Ukraine. Medical support of the population The medical support given to the civil population by military doctors increases as a result of the development of the medical support system of the AF. Thus, according to the Order of the Chief of General Staff, after its approval with the Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine and local authorities, on 18-21 September 2007 specialists of the Military Mobile Hospital of Military Medical Clinical Centre of Northern region (Kharkiv) conducted check-ups and medical treatment free of charge for the inhabitants of Cherkaske, Orlovshchyna and Vilne in Dnipropetrovsk region. Check-ups and treatment in doctor’s surgery were to 906 inhabitants, 130 of whom were children. Local people were provided with check-ups and medical treatment. Medical aid was given to 1,527 inhabitants, 272 of whom were children. On 14-17 September doctors-specialists of 66 Military Mobile Hospital of Military Medical Clinical Centre Western region (Lviv) conducted check-ups and treatment of inhabitants of Hovoukrainka, Kozlyn of Rivne region. 621 adults and 142 children benefited from the medical support. The quality of medical support given by military doctors is no lower, and in many cases is better, than medical support given in civilian medical establishments. Providing citizens, civilian ministries, institutions and local authorities with medical support is an important direction of Armed Forces’ activity. This allows the State to carry out its mission to protect the population, and the Armed Forces – support professional skills and high level of readiness to perform tasks in peace time. Reliability and timely support strengthens the image of the Armed Forces in Ukraine and makes it a trustworthy protector of the interests of the population. ----- NEW FORMAT O F R E L AT I O N S B E T W E E N A R M E D F O R C E S A N D S O C I E T Y chapter 7 STRENGTHENING OF DEMOCRATIC CIVIL CONTROL OVER ARMED FORCES Strengthening of democratic civil control over the Armed Forces consists of legislative procedures and mechanisms of political (presidential), administrative (governmental), parliamentary and civil control by means of which civil power and democratic institutions of society take part in creating defence policy and controlling its implementation. Development of democratic civil control over the Armed Forces is one of the key elements of its transformation. In 2007 the main focus was on two directions: participation of civil organizations in formation of MOD policy and providing the civilian population with information on Armed Forces’ activity. Activity of the Civil Council of Ministry of Defence Activity of the Civil Council of Ministry of Defence in 2007 was directed to the creation of organizational and legal conditions to let citizens realize their constitutional right to take part in state management, taking into consideration civil opinion while preparing and taking decisions, and support of permanent ministerial dialogue with the structures of civil society. The Civil Council comprises 90 civil formations and mass media. Their members are always informed about the changes in the Armed Forces, for example, in June the Chief of General Staff, General S.O.Kyrychenko, provided information on combat capabilities of the Armed Forces. The attention of the Civil Council members was concentrated on the issues of military reform development; execution of the defence budget and perspectives of AF financing; the organization of AF training; building of accommodation for Service personnel and their money and pension insurance. In February 2007, according to the results of regular meetings, the Civil Council addressed an Open Letter to the President, Head of Verkhovna Rada and the Prime Minister, presenting its vision of AF financing and solving the questions of social protection of Service personnel and their families. In March representatives of the MOD Department of Humanitarian Policy and the Civil Council took part in the preparation of legislative documents on cooperation between the civilian population and state authorities, its participation in creating and implementing state policy on central and local levels, and access to information. At the end of 2007 the Civil Council in cooperation with the Ukrainian Formation of Protection of Constitutional Rights and Freedoms of Ukrainian Population “Legal protection” launched the project of consulting war veterans and Service personnel on law issues. The Civil Council proposed also to create information and consulting units inside the staff authorities of the AF in order to provide Service personnel with qualified information in the areas of social and professional adaptation. Representatives of the Civil Council and other institutions of civil society always took part in preparing and holding of national and institutional celebratory events. And being a member of the MOD delegation they visited the Ukrainian AF peacekeeping contingency in Kosovo where they congratulated the personnel during Christmas holidays. In total, in 2007 important questions of AF activity and ways to solve them were discussed during five meetings of the Civil Council and four meetings of its Board. Members of the Civil Council provided proposals how to solve the accommodation problems of Service personnel (eliminating imbalances in financing of Service and permanent accommodation, developing ----- N E W F O R M AT O F R E L AT I O N S B E T W E E N A R M E D F O R C E S A N D S O C I ETY chapter 7 working mechanisms to provide Service personnel families and retired personnel living in closed, distant and decommissioned military bases with new accommodation elsewhere). General propositions after each meeting of the Civil Council are attentively studied by employees of appropriate structural subunits of the Ministry and are taken into consideration when taking the appropriate management decisions. The activity of the MOD Civil Council in 2007 is characterized by an increase of constructiveness and direction to cooperate with defence leaders to find out the best ways to solve the problems of social and legal protection of Service personnel, members of their families and also the military pensioners and retired personnel. Providing the civil population with information on Armed Forces activity Providing the civil population with information on Armed Forces activity is carried out by the press service, MOD employees and members of the Civil Council through personal communication with the representatives of society and mass media, military, [national and local mass media and the MOD web-site www.gov.ua.](http://www.gov.ua) A significant contribution to providing transparency of defence policy, MOD and Armed Forces activity is the annual publication of the White Book (from 2005). Activities of MOD Press Service, the Civil Council and military mass media in 2007 was directed to increasing military information and improving the provision of information to personnel. The main results of information activity are provided in scheme 7.2. **Scheme 7.2. Main results of MOD information activity in 2007** The participation of Minister of In March an on-line webDefence in 4 direct phone lines conference with the participation |The participation of Minister of Defence in 4 direct phone lines in Cabinet of Ministers was provided.|Col2|In March an on-line web- conference with the participation of Minister of Defence.| |---|---|---| |Col1|22 briefings and 38 speeches by leaders of MOD and Armed Forces were given in national and foreign mass media (Minister personally gave 11 interviews)|Col3| |---|---|---| In general 1,553 representatives of national and foreign mass media took part in events organized by MOD Department of Press Service. On average 1,250 Internet users visited the web portal daily in 2007. Users of more than 20 countries study the materials on the web portal. In 2007 MOD Press Service disseminated 2,500 press announcements and releases and and nearly 1,500 episodes on Armed Forces’ activities were shown on national mass media TV. ----- chapter 7 NEW FORMAT O F R E L AT I O N S B E T W E E N A R M E D F O R C E S A N D S O C I E T Y During this year information structures were transformed. Besides, six information sections (media centres were created in the regions of Ukraine (scheme 7.3.). The number of military newspapers (“The Army of Ukraine” – Lviv, “The Wings of Ukraine” – Vinnytsa, “The Glory and Honor ” – Odesa) was reduced, with their staff retrained for work in regional media centres. **Scheme 7.3. Regional media- centres of the Armed Forces** Regional media-centre (Chernihiv) Regions: Chernihiv Sumy Regional media-centre Poltava (Lviv) Regions: Lviv ���� ���� Volyn Rivne Ternopil �������� Carpathians Chernivtsi Ivano-Frankivsk Regional media-centre (Vinnytsa) Regions: Vinnytsa Khmelnytski Zhitomyr Cherkassy Kyiv **Scheme 7.4. Number of some military published editions in 2006-** 2007, thousands of copies |Col1|Col2|14.6|Col4| |---|---|---|---| |4.8|||3.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0| ||||| |Col1|2.0| |---|---| ||| ||| |Col1|3.5| |---|---| ||| ||| |Col1|2.5| |---|---| ||| ||| Newspaper “The National Army” Newspaper “The Fleet of Ukraine” Magazine “The Troops of Ukraine” Magazine “The Atlantic Panorama” At the same time, the effectiveness and attractiveness of central military mass media was enhanced. The number of editions published increased, formats were renewed and new sections of TV and radio broadcasts of MOD Central TV and Radio Company “The New Army” were launched. There was an increase in the number of regional correspondents of the MOD newspaper “The National Army”. The publication of its special periodic installment “Eurochoice” was launched, and the layout of the magazine “Atlantic Panorama” was improved. There was an increase in the number of materials that displayed multinational military cooperation: GUAM; NATO Programme “Partnership for Peace”; Ukraine’s participation in the Alliance’s anti-terrorist Operation “Active Endeavor”; and, UN and NATO peacekeeping missions. Information on measures of military reform, professionalization of the Armed Forces, international training, participation of Armed Forces units in 2006 2007 liquidation of consequences of emergency situations, providing the civil population with medical support was always given effectively. **The dissemination of military published editions, the popularity ratings** **of military TV and Radio programmes, the increased number of subscribers** **and people addressing military information structures with propositions and** **questions shows how the social interest to the activity and problems of Armed** **Forces expanded and our people are well-informed in this sphere.** 3 Decree of Minister of Defence of Ukraine “On approval of Temporary act on regional media centres of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine” no161 7 April 2007 ----- N E W F O R M AT O F R E L AT I O N S B E T W E E N A R M E D F O R C E S A N D S O C I ETY chapter 7 PATRIOTIC AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE ARMED FORCES In 2007 MOD and Armed Forces personnel conducted their own measures of patriotic education and took an active part in appropriate events of state authorities, city administration authorities and civil organizations. The main task of this activity was to develop in Service personnel and citizens of Ukraine a respectful attitude to the culture, Cossack glory, history, language, traditions of Ukraine, and respect for the Armed Forces. In 2007 a national Ukrainian language competition, named after P.Yatsyk, was conducted for the first time in the Armed Forces. More than 900 officers and cadets of higher military education establishments took part and 10 received awards. During the year some scientific and practical events of youth heroic and patriotic education, strengthening of military traditions and respect for national heroes were held at national and international levels. Also, nearly 30 measures, which had military and patriotic character, as well as cultural and art events of celebration of state and professional holidays and significant dates were conducted together with executive authorities and civil organizations. MOD and Armed Forces cultural and enlightening organizations (officers’ clubs, central and regional museums) held more than 4,000 events that involved nearly 100,000 people. The National Presidential Orchestra and Song and Dance Ensemble of the Ukrainian Armed Forces held nearly 100 concerts, including concerts in military garrisons. In cooperation with the Creative Centre, “Arsenal” military and patriotic audio album “Knight Brotherhood” and songbook “Motherland Defender” were launched. Creative teams of the Armed Forces took part in preparing and holding a creative project concert - presentation “Ukrainian heroic song” where the famous singer, O.Skrypka, participated. On 6 December, on the 16[th] anniversary of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, the TV channel 1+1 transmitted the premiere of the film-concert “Stars in the Army” where famous Ukrainian singers participated. The film is a common project of TV channel 1+1 and MOD. To revive the best officers’ traditions, on the Eve of the Ukrainian Armed Forces Day Officers’ Balls were conducted in Kyiv, Vinnytsa, Dnipropetrovsk, IvanoFrankovsk and other cities – the holding of such events fosters the establishment of democratic relations between officers of various ranks, renews feelings of collectivism, officers’ honour, responsibility, pride for the profession of defender of motherland and its people. The activity of Armed Forces creative and sports teams that received efficient international rewards plays the primary role in the process of strengthening the positive image of the Ukrainian Armed Forces in the international arena. In 2007 the singing group of the Central Intelligence Department of the MOD “Oberigh” won the grand-prize of the Army song festival “Vivat, Victory” which united 136 international teams. During the year 823 military sports personnel took part in competitions in 36 countries. Ukrainian Armed Forces sports personnel won 25 gold, 43 silver and 37 bronze medals in the World and European championships, and 201 gold, 157 silver and 136 bronze medals in Ukrainian ones. International competitions of Army sports personnel took place in Ukraine, also. In 2007 the international boxing tournament for brothers Klychko prizes was held in the Armed Forces Central Sports Club. It united sports people from ----- chapter 7 NEW FORMAT O F R E L AT I O N S B E T W E E N A R M E D F O R C E S A N D S O C I E T Y 25 countries. At the MOD training sports “Tyssovets” the Summer European Biathlon Championship between sports people from 18 countries was held for the first time. In this event, Ukrainian Armed Forces sports personnel won 6 gold, 4 silver and 7 bronze medals. In total, during the years of Independence, Armed Forces sports personnel have won 1,159 medals – 359 gold, 401 silver and 399 bronze. **To sum up, in 2007 the MOD carried out these measures directed to the** **patriotic education of youth, Service personnel and the civilian population. At** **the same time, these measures fostered the creation of a positive image of the** **Ukrainian Armed Forces, both in Ukrainian society and abroad, with an increase** **in the level of belief and common support of their activity.** **In total, the new format of relations between the Armed Forces and society** **is characterized by the readiness of the Armed Forces at any time and in any** **condition to help the civilian population and organizations; by the development of** **democratic civil control of the Armed Forces; by increasing educational activity** **effectiveness; and, strengthening of the Armed Forces authority in society.** ----- #### PEACEKEEPING AND ARMS ###### CHAPTER 8 #### INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, ----- ----- ###### CHAPTER 8 #### INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, PEACEKEEPING AND ARMS CONTROL nternational cooperation of the Armed Forces is an element of foreign state policy and it is aimed at ### Iguaranteeing national, regional and global military security. The main efforts of MOD and GS were concentrated to deepening relations with military and political authority and defence departments of NATO and EU countries in order to integrate Ukraine into the European and Euro-Atlantic security structures, as well as to develop constructive, good neighbourly cooperation with the Russian Federation and other CIS countries to build the security zone around Ukraine. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION In 2007 international cooperation was accomplished in accordance with priorities, aims and tasks defined in the Armed Forces Development State Programme. By contents and results, this programme was directed: - to strengthen and deepen cooperation with EU and NATO countries, international organizations and bordering countries, CIS countries and countries in other world regions; - to improve regulatory and legal frameworks of international cooperation of the Armed Forces and the State on the whole; - to strengthen operational capabilities of the Armed Forces to support multinational operations, to improve control systems of current operations, to ensure interoperability of Ukrainian and other countries’ military formations, to activate Ukraine’s participation in international peacekeeping, anti-terrorist and humanitarian operations; - to forward the development of the national defence planning system, and to improve logistics systems including medical provision; - to promote the disposal of surplus missiles, ammunition, cooperation in the field of arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation of weapon of mass destruction; - to inform the public about the European and Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine; - to implement the agreed programmes and projects of international technical support. Bilateral cooperation was effected with Defence Departments of 58 States. 1,239 scheduled and unscheduled international activities were held with the participation of the following Service personnel: - Minister of Defence and his Deputies - 97; - Chief of the General Staff and his Deputies - 97; - Commanders of Land Force, Air Force, Naval Force and their Deputies - 28. During this year, some 7,490 representatives of 49 units of MOD, GS and military authorities took part in international cooperation activities. Nine international (intergovernmental and interdepartmental) agreements were signed to improve regulatory and legal frameworks of international cooperation ----- chapter 8 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, PEACEKEEPING AND ARMS CONTROL with eight countries; seven agreements concerned military cooperation and fulfillment of Ukraine’s obligations to participate in peacekeeping and peace support activities and security promotion; two agreements concerned military and technical cooperation. PROGRESSING RELATIONS WITH NATO Cooperation with NATO and Allies is the first-priority for Ukraine. In 2007, 1002 activities were held (directly with NATO structures – 301). This equates to 81% of all international activities and is 1.4 times higher than in 2006. 100 activities of the Ukraine-NATO Target Plan were aimed at implementing tasks of the Armed Forces Development State Programme. These tasks were the following: to enhance operational capabilities, to improve control systems, to establish a Joint Operations Command, to attain interoperability in order to ensure the ability to participate in NATO peace support operations. The Ukraine-NATO Individual Partnership Programme remains the important mechanism for training Armed Forces personnel. With the participation of 300 MOD representatives a total of 223 events were conducted, including 100 training courses, 28 seminars, 24 conferences and committees, 68 conferences on exercise planning, and 16 committee conferences. **Table 8.1. The implementation of Partnership Goals, main tasks,** _2007_ - to complete the adoption of an effective and transparent system of defence planning in the Armed Forces; - to guarantee defence requirements financing for the medium-term perspective; - to improve the management systems in the Armed Forces; to enhance the ability of military management bodies to exchange data with NATO Headquarters - to improve training systems in the Armed Forces and bring them to Euro-Atlantic standards, and to develop new NCO training systems in the Armed Forces - to improve individual Service personnel training including field training, language training, to have Service personnel familiar with NATO staff procedures and interoperability in multinational headquarters; - to enhance military units capability to fulfill orders independently during international peacekeeping operations; - to introduce NATO standards in all fields of military management bodies of the Armed Forces and to adapt national regulatory and legal documents; - to improve Naval Force readiness to participate in NATO Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR; - to carry out armament and military equipment modernization in accordance with present-day requirements of the forces. Within the Planning and Review Process (PARP) significant progress was made in the accomplishment of 57 Partnership Goals. The main efforts were concentrated on military units’ training determined to take part in PARP, to attain interoperability with military units of NATO Nations and to improve operational capabilities of the Armed Forces in order to participate in peacekeeping operations. The Euro-Atlantic Council approved Ukraine’s request to join the Air Situation Data Exchange Programme. Professional consultations were launched to agree the memorandum and technical agreement. To improve the accomplishment of the NATO Operational Capabilities Concept activities were held to traine leading officials of Armed Forces military units determined to participate in PARP. To-day, Ukraine is one of the partner-countries, taking part in NATO-led operations: KFOR (Kosovo), International Stabilization and Assistance Force (ISAF); Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR in the Mediterranean Sea; and, the Multinational Forces and Training Mission - Iraq. Within the Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR, 104 Naval Force officers and sailors were awarded the “NATO medal” The Armed Forces take an active part in the formation and activities of multinational units. Ukrainian Service personnel carry out tasks in KFOR as a part of the Ukrainian-Polish Battalion (UKRPOLBAT). GS and Land Force Command have been working on the formation of a multinational Ukrainian-Polish-Lithuanian peace force unit for participation in UN and NATO-led peacekeeping operations. ----- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, PEACEKEEPING AND ARMS CONTROL chapter 8 COOPERATION WITH EUROPEAN UNION REGIONAL COOPERATION **Notwithstanding negative foreign and domestic policy factors, military** **cooperation with NATO is one of the most successful courses in Ukrainian** **foreign policy and it meets the interests of Armed Forces reform and ensuring** **its combat efficiency.** Military and political cooperation with the European Union and its member states has practical direction and is seen as an important mechanism of Ukrainian integration to Europe by the State and Ministry of Defence. Priority lines of cooperation with the European Union are as follows: - participation in European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP); - global disarmament, non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and arms control; - air transportation - participation of Ukrainian Armed Forces in EU-led peacekeeping operations as a part of multinational units. These priority lines were implemented in the context of the Ukraine-EU Action Plan 2007. In the framework of this Plan, MOD and GS officials took part in negotiations of the delivery of a new basic UkraineEU Agreement. The results of these negotiations are the draft of the new Agreement Chapter “Political dialogue and reforms as well as cooperation in the field of foreign and security policy” Within the year, cooperation in ESDP has greatly intensified, especially in the military field. Regular meetings of Ukrainian and EU military authorities were held. On 10 - 12 September 2007 Chairman, EU Military Committee visited Ukraine and had official meetings with leading MOD and GS officials. In turn, Ukraine Chief of the General Staff - Commander-in Chief of the Armed Forces - first took part in the EU Military Committee session on 15 November 2007. In May 2007 the EU Combat Group Concept and decision-making procedure in the field of crisis management were discussed during Ukraine-EU committee work. In April during the 10[th] Permanent Ukrainian-Polish conference on European Integration of the concept of the Multinational Ukrainian-Polish-Slovak combat unit, Ukraine received an official invitation to join Multinational Military Police Battalion, together with such countries as Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Croatia (MNMPBAT). **The development of cooperation with the EU in the field of security moved** **into the intensive stage. Ukraine’s integration into NATO and the delivery of the** **Ukraine-EU new basic Agreement advanced this development.** One of the main elements of international cooperation of the Armed Forced is participation in the events of regional organizations, which deal with security, stabilization and trust. The fact that Ukraine joined the South-Eastern Europe Defence Ministerial (SEDM) intensified the participation of Ukraine in regional security structures and will forward the achievement of the State’s long-term political goals. In October 2007 the Ministers of Defence Meeting of SEDM took place in Kiev. Ukraine expressed a willingness to join the South-Eastern Europe Peacekeeping ----- chapter 8 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, PEACEKEEPING AND ARMS CONTROL Force. Enlargement of cooperation in the framework of SEDM and CPF SWE is undertaken as a beneficial factor to integrate Ukraine into European and Euro-Atlantic security structures. Important and interesting projects and initiatives for Ukraine are the following: - development of cooperation, coordination and interoperability of Armed Forces of SEDM countries through the use of computer simulation, organizing and holding computer training (SEESIM); - creation of a system of telecommunication satellite connection for two way information exchange between military hospitals of SEDM countries (SIMIHO); - support in the process of non-proliferation of WMD, border security and fight against terrorism (CBSC); - research in the sphere of defence technologies (SEEDIRET); - cooperation in the sphere of military education between countries of SEDM (SEMEC). To create a zone of stability and security around Ukraine in the framework of cooperation – Organization for Democracy and Economic Development – (GUAM), a Working Group for military and political cooperation was established. Documents have been developed concerning the tasks and structure of the GUAM peacekeeping unit – a joint peacekeeping battalion that can be deployed on UN and OCSE peacekeeping operations. Cooperation is actively developing with countries of “Vyshegrad Four” (Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and the Czech Republic) that support and are ready to support in the future Ukraine on its way to integration into European and Euro-Atlantic security structures. In January 2007 during the meeting of Chiefs of General Staffs of “Vyshegrad Four” in which the Chief of General Staff of Ukraine took part, the Plan was approved for Ukrainian Armed Forces assistance to 2010. The Ukrainian proposition to enlarge the format of common anti-terrorist and peacekeeping training was supported. Besides, the “Vyshegrad Four” proposed to Ukraine to join, in the framework of EU, the Initiative to create a common combat unit, with a strength 1,500-2,000 Service personnel. In December 2007, following the initiative of “Vyshegrad Four”, an international conference of cooperation in the defence industrial sphere took place in Dnipropetrovsk. The representatives of Defence enterprises of 5 countries participated. Cooperation develops in support of regional security in the Black Sea area in the framework of the Black Sea group of military and maritime cooperation BLACKSEAFOR (Ukraine, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, Romania, Turkey). The priority for this cooperation is the practical development of a new concept of BLACKSEAFOR which is named “Defensive operations against terrorism”. In accordance with the Protocol between MOD Ukraine and GS Armed Forces of Turkey, the Ukrainian Navy joined the operations of the Turkish Navy “Black Sea Harmony” in the format of information exchanges. **Active involvement of the Armed Forces in regional security systems helps to** **form an area of stability and mutual trust.** ----- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, PEACEKEEPING AND ARMS CONTROL chapter 8 COOPERATION WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES (CIS) AND OTHER PARTNER COUNTRIES Conducting combined activities between the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States during year 2007 was beneficial for deepening bilateral cooperation. Ukrainian participation as an observer at the meetings of the Ministers of Defence of Commonwealth of Independent States (20 June in Moscow; 27 November, Actaw, Kazakhstan) is an important tool of negotiating bilateral cooperation. Furthermore it is a good instrument to receive information about the status and perspectives of development of the Armed Forces of member states. The most active was cooperation with Russia (42 bilateral events) and Belarus (21 bilateral activities). Priorities of this cooperation are: training of special operation forces and engineer formations; teachers of education establishments; peacekeeping and scientific activities. Special attention must be paid to the cooperation with Russian within the framework of Commission of Cooperation between the Armed Forces. The important achievement of this activity is the possibility of conducting practical training in combat shooting for the Air Defence Forces of Ukraine. Internship of Ukrainian medical military was conducted in Russian military medical establishments. Furthermore, consultations of experts on disposal of surplus weapons and obsolete munitions were conducted at the same time. Drafts of the following documents are under development: - Standard operation procedures of Testing Centre (Pheodosia); - Using polygon Nitka (Saki); - Conducting combat shooting in Russian polygons; - Possibility of studying in higher education establishments. There was some work concerning definition of common scientific developments, directions of cooperation in the area of standardization, measurement and codification as well as peacekeeping activities. During 2007 the representatives of the Ukrainian Armed Forces participated in the meeting of Coordination Committee of the Air Defence Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States as well as the meeting of Commanders of the Air Forces. Furthermore, the meetings of topography specialists were conducted at the same time. Participation in the activities of military cooperation within the framework of Commonwealth of Independent States supports widening the format of experience exchanging concerning overcoming of difficult issues. These activities support finding effective ways of developing the Armed Forces as well as enhancing the level of interoperability at bilateral and multilateral levels with consideration of national interests of CIS countries. ----- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, PEACEKEEPING AND ARMS CONTROL chapter 8 PEACEKEEPING The results of 15 years of peacemaking activity is that Ukraine belongs to the group of most active States-Peacemakers. During 2007 the Armed Forces of Ukraine had in international peacekeeping operations 971 Service personnel as peacekeepers and 93 Service personnel as military observers. To the end of the year 556 Service personnel of Ukrainian Armed Forces fulfill tasks - Participation in peace support - guard-duty on observational - convoy and escort of local - protection of schools and **Major tasks:** 2,327 independent and 45 co-operative committees; **Major tasks:** **Кот д’Івуар** agreement; **UN mission in Liberia** **(UNMIL)** Peacekeeping contingent: 56th detached helicopter - to provide transport for Mission’s personnel as - to provide casualties’ evacuation; - cargo carried – 682,328 tonnes. - consultative assistance to local - conducting medical treatment critical situations (mass diseases, poisoning, etc). **NATO Training Mission in Iraq** **_NTM-I)_** **_MNF-I)_** - to train the personnel for State service; human rights and law order specialists. Military observers – 10 - to participate in neutralizing of the consequences of the conflict; - to participate in various meetings and crossing points; - to observe a security zone; responsibility. Military observers – 6 Ceasefire Agreement; Military observers – 6 **Major tasks:** Agreement; forces. **Multinational Forces in Iraq (** Military personnel – 31 - to plan and supervise training programmes of the Iraqi Forces; - to train the trainers; - to support development of the Iraqi defence education establishments; - to train Iraqi instructors concerning using and maintaining military equipment; - to train specialist in disposal, communication experts as well as **THERE ARE 556 SERVICE PERSONNEL** **IN 11 MISSIONS IN TOTAL** **Major tasks:** security zone; **NATO Training Mission in Iraq** **(NTM-I)** Military personnel – 2 **Major tasks:** - training of the Armed Forces of Iraq. - observing peacekeeping activities of CIS peacekeeping forces; - control of the security zone; - observing the area of heavy weapons storage contingent in KFOR ----- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, PEACEKEEPING AND ARMS CONTROL chapter 8 ARMS CONTROL During 2007 the Armed Forces conducted 24 rotations of Ukrainian peacekeeping personnel. Also conducted were two rotations of Ukrainian peacekeeping contingents, KFOR as part of peacekeeping forces and the rotation of the Ukrainian peacekeeping contingent of the UNO Mission in Liberia. 3 Ukrainian officers are active members of the International Security Assistance Forces in Afghanistan (ISAF), one officer serves in HQ ISAF (CINIC) and two officers are embedded in the Lithuania group (Provincial Reconstruction Team). The national normative-legal basis of peacekeeping continues to be actively developed. Drafts were prepared for three Decrees of the President of Ukraine which will define the main aspects for participation of peacekeeping personnel in ISAF, UN mission in Iraq (12 personnel) and the additional mission for peacekeeping personnel for UN mission in Lebanon. The system of financial support for peacekeeping contingents and military personnel has been improved. For a year Ukraine has continued to provide air space for the airplanes of NATO members within the framework of the ISAF Operation. During the ISAF Operation throughout the territory of Ukraine about 8,950 US and German airplanes carried out flights. **Ukrainian Armed Forces participation in international peacekeeping operations** **is valuable and an important direction of its international activity making a** **significant contribution by the State to providing global security. Moreover, it** **is an important constituent for training Ukrainian Armed Forces directed to** **implementing modern tasks in real conditions.** Ukraine actively participates in the international Arms control programme and creation of new global and regional mechanisms to strengthen trust and security based on principles of understanding and openness of military-political activity. In 2007 verification activity of the Armed Forces was adapted to the new geopolitical environment by activating bilateral collaboration, mainly with neighbouring States. According to the OSCE framework, where in the field of strengthening trust and security the Vienna Document 1999 is the normative basis of international cooperation and bilateral agreements, inspection groups of Belgium, Belarus, Slovakia, US, Hungary and France conducted 11 measures in Ukraine. Representatives of Ukrainian Armed Forces conducted 13 planned measures in Belgium, Belarus, Bulgaria, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey and Hungary, and also took part in the demonstration of new systems of armaments and military technique in Germany. After bilateral agreements, in different military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine representatives of Belgium and Hungary conducted one educational inspection, during which new approaches were developed to verification procedures. According to an additional bilateral quota a Hungarian-Italian group visited military units in Ukraine. Within the framework of bilateral intergovernmental agreements on inspection activity the Ukrainian Armed Forces actively co-operated with Hungary, Slovakia, Poland and Belarus. During 2007 Ukraine carried out two inspections (in Slovakia and Hungary), and Hungry conducted one inspection in Ukraine. Ukraine believes that the Conventional Forces in Europe Agreement is an important constituent of support of peace and stability in Europe. In its framework during 2007 ----- chapter 8 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, PEACEKEEPING AND ARMS CONTROL representatives of Armed Forces of Ukraine took part in meetings of the working groups of OSCE, were they have been actively involved in the dialogue of the Agreement’s participants to look for decisions to improve it. During 2007 military units of Armed Forces of Ukraine were visited by inspection groups of Bulgaria, United Kingdom, Greece, Italy, Germany, Portugal, Romania, USA, Slovakia, Turkey and Hungary. The group of inspectors of Hungary conducted an educational inspection in Ukraine. Over the year Ukrainian representatives carried out 35 working inspections in Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Turkey and Hungary, and a training inspection of US bases in Italy. Within the framework of the Agreement “Open Sky” in 2007 Ukraine executed 13 observational flights above territories of participants to the Agreement: three flights Germany, and two flights - Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary. There were 13 flights by inspection groups over Ukraine: Bulgaria, United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Turkey, Hungary, also carrying out joint flights - Spain and Czech Republic, Turkey and Italy, USA and Canada, Sweden and Latvia, Germany and France. In the framework of the current international agreement of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction verification activity provides legal confirmation of Ukraine’s implementation of its obligations. In 2007 there took place dialogue and message exchanges with the National Center of the Diminishment of Nuclear Threat (USA). Within the framework of the Strategic Offensive Armament Liquidation or Limitation Agreement Ukraine hosted a multinational inspection on a former rocket base in Pervomaysk; within the framework of the Convention of Non-Proliferation of Chemical Weapons multinational inspections were supported to facilities of the petrochemical industry of Ukraine; also, organized and conducted was verification of Su-24 airplanes of the Russian Federation Black Sea aviation contingent to verify the absence of nuclear weapons. **Ukraine in collaboration with other States meets the commitments of the** **agreements and treaties of disarmament, non-proliferation and control of** **armaments that determine strategic stability in the world.** **The international contacts of MOD and Armed Forces promote an increase in** **confidence between Nations, a gradual decrease of the threat of the use of military** **force, promote Ukraine’s implementation of European and euroatlantic integration** **policy, confirm Ukraine as an active international security contributor and at the** **same time - strengthen the defensive potential of the State and the development of** **Armed Forces combat capabilities.** ----- #### CONCLUSIONS 2007 was the second year of implementing the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine 2006-2011. The year was characterized by qualitative changes in the Ukrainian Armed Forces. As a result of work in 2007, the Armed Forces are ready to accomplish their assigned missions and tasks. The necessary pre-conditions to achieve the objectives set by the State Programme and further improvement in Forces’ activities were created Following the tradition of concentrating attention and efforts of the Ministry of Defence and General Staff on one of its key issues, 2008 will be the “Year of the Navy and Special Operations Forces”. Priorities to further develop Ukrainian Armed Forces in 2008 include: - Increasing military management effectiveness; improving combat training; achieving readiness of Joint Rapid Reaction Forces units to fulfil assigned tasks and missions; and, increasing Air Defence effectiveness to protect important locations. - Providing effective Armed Forces’ manning with contract personnel and implementing service in the Reserve. - Maintaining Armed Forces’ equipment; renewing military equipment and weapons and developing innovative technologies. - Releasing military units from non-core functions such as maintenance and storage of surplus weapons, military equipment and other assets; disposal of obsolete surplus ammunition, components of rocket fuel and propellant elements; guarding of Military of Defence decommissioned facilities; and, base maintenance and cleaning, etc. - Ensuring social guarantees for Service personnel, their families and retired personnel - Stimulating Armed Forces activities in the area of patriotic education of youth, Service personnel and Ukrainian citizens in general, through qualitative improvements and using historical Ukrainian traditions of service to the Motherland, combat courage, military honour and respect for the profession of a soldier. Depending on the level of achievement of these priorities, the issue of their adjustment and clarification in the State Programme of Development of the Armed Forces will be reviewed at the end of 2008. ----- #### INFORMATION ABOUT LEADERS OF MINISTRY OF DEFENCE, GENERAL STAFF AND ARMED SERVICES OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE MINISTER OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE[1] Born in 1948 Education: 1967 – Kyiv Building Technical School; 1973 Kyiv Institute of National Economy; 1983 – postgraduate studies in Research Economic Institute of State Plan of USSR. Yekhanurov Yurii Ivanovych started his career as a foreman in a reinforced con Yurii YEKHANUROV crete plant of trust “Kyivmiskbud - 4” of Central Department of Residential and Civil Building of Kyiv City Executive Committee (Golovkyivmiskbud). In 19701977 he was Head of Workshop; Senior Engineer; Director of Reinforced Concrete Plant of “Kyivmiskbud-4” of Golovkyivmiskbud. In 1977-1985 he was Deputy Chief for Manufacture of Trust “Buddetal”; Head of Trust “Kyivmiskbudcomplect” of Golovkyivmiskbud. In 1985-1991- he occupied the positions of Head of Trust “Buddetal “of Golovkyivmiskbud; Deputy Chief for Economic Issues of Golovkyivmiskbud. In 1991-1992 he was Head of Department of State Economic Council of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; Deputy Head of Economic Politics Collegiums of the Parliament of Ukraine. In 1992-1993 he was Deputy Head and then Head of Department for Economic Reforms and Regional Programmes of Kyiv City State Administration. In 1993-1994 he became Deputy Minister of Economy of Ukraine. In 1994-1997 he occupied the positions of acting Head of Fund of State Property of Ukraine. In 1997-1998 he was Minister of Economy of Ukraine; Head of State Committee of Ukraine for Business Development. In 1998 he was Deputy of Ukraine III Convocation; Deputy Head of Committee of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for Economic Politics, Management of National Economy, Property and Investments. In 1999-2001 he worked as First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine. In 2001-2004 – First Deputy Head – Head of Central Department for Organization and Staff Work and for Cooperation with Regions of President Administration of Ukraine; Deputy Head of Central Headquarters of “Victor Yushchenko’s Electoral Bloc “Our Ukraine”; Deputy of Ukraine IV Convocation, Head of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Committee for Industrial Policy and Business. April-September 2005 – Head of State Administration of Dnipropetrovsk Region. 2005-2006 Prime Minister of Ukraine. August 2006 September 2007 – Deputy of Ukraine V Convocation. First rank Civil Servant. He holds PhD in Economic Sciences, Professor of Department of Theoretical and Applied Economy in Kyiv National University named after Taras Shevchenko. **By Decree of the President of Ukraine, no.1163 of December 18, 2007** **Yurii Yekhanurov was appointed Minister of Defence of Ukraine.** 1 Till December 18, 2007 this position was occupied by Anatoliy Grytsenko. By Decree of the President of Ukraine no.1398 of September 30, 2007 was discharged from position of Minister of Defence because of resignation of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (until December 18, 2007 he was acting Minister of Defence). ----- I N F O R M AT I O N A B O U T L E A D I N G O F F I C IALS FIRST DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE Born in 1960. Education: 1979 – Kyiv College of Radio-Electronics; 1983 – Kyiv Higher Combined Arms Command School; 1993 – Combined Arms Faculty, Military Academy named after Mikhail Frunze, Russian Federation; 1994 – Defence Language Institute, USA; 1995 – Army War College, USA. Leonid Polyakov served as an officer in command, staff positions and research positions. In 1985-1987, he took part in combat operations in Afghanistan. In 19931997, he served in the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In 19971999, he was a State Expert of the Analytical Service of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine. From 1999 to 2005, upon retirement, he headed Military Programmes at the Ukrainian Centre for Economic and Political Studies named after Olexander Razumkov. Leonid POLYAKOV From February 2000 to February 2005, Leonid Polyakov was an invited adviser to the National Security and Defence Committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Leonid Polyakov is an Army Colonel (retired). **By Decree of the President of Ukraine, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the** **Armed Forces of Ukraine no.288 of February 19, 2005, Leonid Polyakov was** **appointed First Deputy Minister of Defence of Ukraine.** DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE Born in 1951. Education: 1973 – graduated from Kyiv Higher Combined Arms Command School; 1985 – Combined Arms Faculty, Military Academy named after Mikhail Frunze, Russian Federation; 1989 – Higher Staff Training Course of the Armed Forces in the Academy of the General Staff. Vladislav Mary served as an officer in command and staff positions. In 1973-1982 served in military units of Kyiv and Turkistan military districts (commands). In 1985-1992 served in senior officers’ positions in HQs of Pryvolzkiy and Uralskiy Vladislav MARY military districts (commands). In 1992 – served in General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In 1992-1996 – occupied commanding positions in Main Directorate of Military Education of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine. In 1996-1998 – worked in Defence Department of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. In 1998-2004 – worked in Secretariat of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. In 2004-2005 – occupied position of Deputy Chief of Defence-Mobilization Directorate in Secretariat of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. From August 2005 to December 2006 – Chief of Defence-Mobilization Section in Secretariat of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. **By Decree of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine no.1707 of December 13, 2006** **Vladislav Mary was appointed Deputy Minister of Defence of Ukraine.** ----- INFORMATIO N A B O U T L E A D I N G O F FI C I A L S DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE[2] Born in 1956 Education: 1978 – A.F. Mozhayskiy Military Engineer Academy; 1993 – F.E. Dzerzhinsky Military Academy. Valerii Ivashchenko served in engineer and command posts in space port “Baykonur” Valerii IVASHCHENKO and “Plesetsk. 1993-1995 – occupied different position in Armament HQ of Ministry of Defence of Ukraine. 1995-1996 – Chief of Group of Center of Administrative Control of Strategic nuclear forces of Ministry of defence of Ukraine. 1996-2000 – worked in Agency of Defence-Mobilization issues and Law-Enforcement Agencies of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. 2000-2001 – State Expert in Agency of External Aspects of National Security in Cabinet of National Security and Defence Council. 2001-2003 – Chief of Department of State Commission in sphere of Military-Industrial Complex of Ukraine. 2003-2005 – Chief of Agency of Military-Industrial Policy in Office of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. 2005 – Deputy Chief of Agency of Industrial Policy in Office of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. 2005-2007 – Deputy Chief of Main Service of Security and Defence Policy – Chief of Department of Physical Defences in Office of the President of Ukraine. **By Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine no.817-р of October 4, 2007** **Valerii Ivashchenko was appointed Deputy Minister of Defence of Ukraine.** DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE[3] Born in 1951 Education: 1972 – Kiev institute of national economy; 2003 – Dnipropetrovsk regional institute of state management in Ukrainian Academy of state management of President’s office. Nadiya Deeva began her career in Dnipropetrovsk regional statistic agency in Nadiya DEEVA Central statistical agency of URSR. 1975-1982 – occupied positions of economist, senior engineer-economist, senior chief of workshop, chief of production planning department on tobacco factory in Dnipropetrovsk. 1982-1986 – chief of production planning department in branch office of the institute “Ukrsilgosptekhproekr” in Dnipropetrovsk. 1986-1999 – worked on positions beginning from senior inspector of regular department up to deputy chief of Dnipropetrovsk regional financial agency. 1999-2002 – chief of Main financial agency of Dnipropetrovsk regional stage administration. 2002-2007 – deputy head, head of Dnipropetrovsk regional state administration. Candidate of economic science, associate professor. Honored economist of Ukraine. **By Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine no.1257 of December 26, 2007** **Nadiya Deeva was appointed Deputy Minister of Defence of Ukraine.** 2 Till November 8, 2007 this position was occupied by Volodymyr Tereshchenko. 3 Till October 4, 2007 this position was occupied by Volodymyr Boiko. ----- I N F O R M AT I O N A B O U T L E A D I N G O F F I C IALS DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE Born in 1948. Education: 1971 – Kyiv Higher Engineering School of Communications; 1997 – National Security of Ukraine course at Harvard University, USA. Mykola Neschadym held a number of positions related to military education. From 1991 to 2004, he variously served as Deputy Head of the Department for Military Education of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, Head of the Main Department for Military Education of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, and Head of the Main Department for Personnel Policy of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine. Mykola Neschadym is a Lieutenant General (retired). He holds a Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences and a PhD in Technical Sciences degrees, as well as Associate Professorship. He is Honoured People’s Educator of Ukraine. **By Decree of the President of Ukraine, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the** Mykola **Armed Forces of Ukraine no.330 of February 25, 2005 Mykola Neschadym was** NESCHADYM **appointed Deputy Minister of Defence of Ukraine.** CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF – COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE Born in 1952. Education: 1973 – Kharkiv Higher Guards Tank Command School; 1983 – Academy of Armour Troops named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Marshal Malinovskiy, Command Department; 2000 – National Defence Academy of Ukraine, Operational and Strategic Department. Colonel General Kyrychenko began his officer career as a Tank Platoon Leader. In 1975-1992, he occupied positions of Tank Company Commander, Chief of Staff of Tank Battalion, Chief of Staff of Tank Regiment, Commander of Tank Regiment, Deputy Division Commander, Mechanised Division Commander, Army Corps Chief of Staff, and Army Corps Commander. In 2002-2003, he was Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces. In 2003-2004, he was Chief of the Main Staff – First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Land Force. From 2004 to 2005, he was Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Army General Serhiy **By Decree of the President of Ukraine, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the** KYRYCHENKO **Armed Forces of Ukraine no.961 of June 16, 2005, Colonel General Kyrychenko** **was appointed Chief of the General Staff, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed** **Forces of Ukraine.** ----- INFORMATIO N A B O U T L E A D I N G O F FI C I A L S FIRST DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE Born in 1961. Education: 1982 – Kyiv Higher Combined Arms Command School; 1993 – Combined Arms Faculty, Military Academy named after Mikhail Frunze, Russian Federation; 2004 – National Defence Academy of Ukraine, Operational and Strategic Department. Lieutenant General Vorobyev started his career in 1982 as a Motorized Platoon Commander. In 1982-2003 – Motorized Company Commander, Chief of Staff of Mechanized Battalion, Chief of Staff of Mechanized Regiment, Regiment Commander, Mechanized Brigade Commander, Mechanized Division Commander, Chief of Staff of Army Corps. In 2004-2005 Army Corps Commander. **By Order of the Minister of Defence of Ukraine no.230 of May 18, 2006** Colonel General Henadiy VOROBYEV **Lieutenant General Vorobyev was appointed First Deputy Chief of the General** **Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.** FIRST DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE Born in 1955. Education: 1976 – Leningrad Higher Combined Arms Command School; 1986 – Military Academy named after Mikhail Frunze, Combined Arms Faculty; 1998 – National Defence Academy of Ukraine, Operational and Strategic Department. Lieutenant General Mykola Tsytsyurskiy began his officer career as Mechanised Infantry Platoon Leader. In 1979-2003, he held positions of Mechanised Infantry Company Commander, Mechanised Infantry Battalion Chief of Staff, Deputy Commander of Mechanised Infantry Regiment, Chief of Staff of a Separate Centre for Junior Specialist Training, Mechanised Infantry Commander, Mechanised Division Commander, Army Corps Chief of Staff, and Army Corps Commander. From 2003 to 2005, he was Chief of Staff–First Deputy Commander of Southern Operational Command. Colonel General Mykola TSYTSYURSKIY **By Order of the Minister of Defence of Ukraine no.229 of May 4, 2005 Lieutenant** **General Tsytsyurskiy was appointed First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the** **Armed Forces of Ukraine.** ----- I N F O R M AT I O N A B O U T L E A D I N G O F F I C IALS DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE Born in 1953. Education: 1975 – Minsk Higher Engineering Artillery School of Air Defence; 1981 – Military Command Air Defence Academy named after Marshal of Soviet Union Zhukov; 1996 – National Defence Academy of Ukraine, Operational and Strategic Department. Lieutenant General Romanenko began his service in 1975 in the position Battery Lieutenant General Ihor ROMANENKO Commander-Chief of Section of Artillery Unit. In 1976-2002 – Deputy Commander of Artillery Unit, Artillery Unit Commander, Deputy Commander of Artillery Regiment, Artillery Regiment Commander, Artillery Brigade Commander, Chief of Staff – Deputy Commander of Air Defence Region, Chief of Staff – First Deputy Commander of Air Defence Corps, Air Defence Division Commander, Head of Air Defence Department of National Defence Academy of Ukraine. In 2002-2006 Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Air Defence Forces of Armed Forces of Ukraine in Combat Training and Military education institutions – Chief of Combat Training Department of Air Force, Deputy Commander of Air Force of Ukraine in combat training and Military education institutions – Head of Combat Training Air Force of Armed Forces of Ukraine. **By Order of the Minister of Defence of Ukraine no.259 of May 26, 2006,** **Lieutenant General Romanenko was appointed Deputy Chief of the General Staff** **of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.** DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE Born in 1955. Education: 1977 – Black Sea Higher Naval Force School; 1982 – 6th Higher Special Course for Naval Force Commanders; 1989 – Naval Force Academy; 1997 – National Defence Academy of Ukraine, Operational and Strategic Department. Vice Admiral Knyaz started his officer career in 1977 as a Battery Commander of Vice Admiral Ihor KNYAZ Missiles and Artillery Unit at a Large Anti-Submarine Vessel and served in this position to 1983. In 1983-2005, he served as Chief of Air Defence of Anti-Submarine Division, Chief of Air Defence of Amphibious Division, Senior Officer of Air Defence Section of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Staff, Chief of Air Defence–Chief of Air Defence Section of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Staff, Chief of Operations Department–Deputy Chief of Staff of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Commander of Southern Naval Region of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (which later became Southern Naval Base), and Commander of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. **By Order of the Minister of Defence of Ukraine no.103 of May 23, 2006, Vice** **Admiral Knyaz was appointed Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed** **Forces of Ukraine.** ----- INFORMATIO N A B O U T L E A D I N G O F FI C I A L S DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE[4] Born in 1949 Education: 1967 – Kyiv Cadet Secondary School. 1971 – Ulyanovsk Higher Tank Command School. 1982 – Academy of Armour Troops named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Marshal Malinovskiy. 1992 – Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Major General Ageev began his officer career in 1971 as a Tank Platoon Leader. Major General Valerii AGEEV 1974-1985 – he occupied positions of Tank Company Commander, Chief of Staff – Deputy Commander of Tank Battalion, Commander of Tank Battalion, Commander of Tank Regiment. 1985-1990 – Deputy Division Commander, Chief of Staff – Deputy Division Commander. 199-1994 – Chief of associate specialists Study\Training Centre. 1994-1998 – Army Corps Chief of Staff. 1998-2006 – Municipal Military Commissar, Regional Military Commissar. 2006-2007 – Deputy Commander of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Commander of Coastal Command Forces of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. **By Order of the Minister of Defence of Ukraine no.55 of January 25, 2007,** **Major General Ageev was appointed Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the** **Armed Forces of Ukraine.** COMMANDER OF THE LAND FORCE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE[5] Born in 1950 Education: 1972 – Uzhgorod State University. 1975 – Ordgonikidze Higher Combined-Arms Command School. 1980 – M.V. Frunze Military Academy. 1992 – Military Academy of General Staff of the Russian Federation. His service began in 1972 on position of Commander of Motorized Infantry Platoon Lieutenant General Ivan SVYDA in Prikarpatskiy Military Command.1974-1977 – served on position of Commander of Motorized Infantry Company, Chief of Staff of Motorized Infantry Battalion, Commander of Motorized Infantry Battalion.1980-1982 – Deputy Commander of Mechanized Infantry Regiment of Zakarpatskiy Military Command. 1982-1990 – served on positions of Chief of Staff – Deputy Commander of Motorized Infantry Regiment, Commander of Motorized Infantry Regiment, Deputy Commander of Motorized Infantry Division. 1992-1994 – Commander of Armoured Division of Odeskiy Military Command. 1994-1998 served on position of Chief of Staff – First Deputy of Commander of Army Corps, Commander-in-Chief of Army Corps. 1998-2005 served on position of First Deputy of Commander-in-Chief of Northern Operational Command of the Army of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. 2005-2007 Commander-in-Chief of Nothern Operational Command of the Army of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. **By Decree of the President of Ukraine, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the** **Armed Forces of Ukraine no.561 of June 25, 2007 Lieutenant General Ivan Svyda** **was appointed Commander of the Land Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.** 4 Till January 25, 2007 this position was occupied by Yurii Shapoval. 5 Till June 25, 2007 this position was occupied by Valerii Frolov. ----- I N F O R M AT I O N A B O U T L E A D I N G O F F I C IALS COMMANDER OF THE AIR FORCE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE[6] Born in 1952. Education: 1972 – Poltava Higher Anti-Aircraft Artillery Command School. 1982 – Military Academy of Anti-Aircraft Defence of the Army.1993 – Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. 1975-1979 – occupied positions of Anti-Aircraft Rocket Battery Commander, Lieutenant General Ivan RUSNAK Anti-Aircraft Battery Commander, Operational Duty Officer of Command post. 1982-1991 – occupied positions of Chief of Staff – Deputy of Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment, graduate student of the Military Academy of Anti-aircraft Defenсe of the Army, Lecturer, Senior Lecturer and Deputy Chief of Chair of Application of Forces of the Military Academy of Anti-Aircraft Defenсe of the Army. 1993-1996 – occupied different command positions in the Academy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. 1996-2004 – occupied position of Chief of Military-Science Agency – Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. 2004-2007 – First Deputy of Chief of the National Defence Academy of Ukraine. Doctor of Military Science, Associate Professor. Honored worker of science and techniques of Ukraine. **By Decree of the President of Ukraine, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of** **the Armed Forces of Ukraine no.1068 of November 7, 2007 Lieutenant General** **Ivan Rusnak was appointed Commander of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of** **Ukraine.** COMMANDER OF THE NAVAL FORCE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE Born in 1958. Education: 1982 – Leningrad Higher Naval Force School; 1994 – Defence Language Institute, USA; 1997 – Armed Forces Academy of Ukraine, Operational and Strategic Department. Vice Admiral Ihor Tenyukh started his officer career in 1982 as a Combat Section Vice Admiral Ihor TENYUKH Commander. In 1983-1991, he held positions of Raid Minesweeper Commander, Driving Crew Commander, Marine Minesweeper Senior Assistant Commander, and Marine Minesweeper Commander. In 1991, he worked for the Committee on Defence and State Security of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine drafting laws to establish the Armed Forces of Ukraine. From 1991 to 1995, he served as a Senior Officer at the Combat Support Division of Naval Force Department in the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, Chief of Directions Division of Naval Force Directorate in the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, and Chief of Directions Division of the Main Operations Directorate in the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In 1997-2005, he held positions of Surface Ships Brigade Commander, Head of Organisational Group for Establishment of Combined Fleet, and Commander of Combined Fleet of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.. In 2005-2006 he was appointed Deputy Chief of General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In 2002, he performed functions of BLACKSEAFOR Multinational Naval Formation Commander **By Decree of the President of Ukraine, Suprime Commander-in-Chief of the** **Armed Forces of Ukraine no.252 of March 23, 2006 Rear Admiral Tenyukh was** **appointed Commander of the Naval Force of the Armed Forces of Ukarine.** 6 Till November 7, 2007 this position was occupied by Anatolii Toropchyn. ----- ----- ----- ----- ###### ANNEX 1 #### DEFENCE MINISTRY BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION 2007 According to the Law of Ukraine “On the State Budget of Ukraine 2007” with consideration of changes and revisions, the budget allocations for the Armed Forces were planned as UAH 9,130.5 Million (1.33% of GDP) in total, General Fund UAH 7,557.6 Million (82.8%), Special Fund – UAH 1,572.9 Million (17.2%). During 2007 Defence Ministry received UAH 8,071.1 Million (1.18% of GDP), including: General Fund – UAH 7,557.6 Million (93,6%), Special Fund – UAH 513.5 Million (6.4%). **Figure 1. Ukrainian Armed Forces Financing 2007, %** General Fund (UAH 7,557.6 Million) **BUDGET PLAN** **(UAH 9,130.5 Million)** received **Deficit is** 100% **11.6%** (7 557,6 млн. грн.) **(UAH 1,059.4 Million)** Special Fund (UAH 1,572.9 Million) **Actual Funding** Deficit is **88.4%** **(UAH 8,071.1 Million)** 67.4% (1,059.4 Million) Real Funding 32.6% (513.5 Million) **Figure 2. Division of Funds by Functional Appropriations 2007, Million UAH.** 6,274.2 |6|6,274.2|5,966.1| |---|---|---| |||5,966.1 1,135.3 824.2 789.0 651.0 682.0 245.8 242.8 391.2| |||| |651.0|Col2| |---|---| ||| ||| |1,135.3|Col2| |---|---| ||| ||| Armed Forces Retaining Disposal and Infrastructure Training Investment Planned Received Reform Armament and Mlitary Equipment Development ----- ###### ANNEX 2 #### STRUCTURE OF THE ARMED FORCES MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPLY AND SUPPORT **Figure 1. System of Material-Technical Support of the Armed Forces** ###### CURRENT **MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE** **Defence Ministry** **General Staff of Ukrainian Armed Forces** **Departments** **JOINT OPERATIONAL** **LAND FORCES** **AIR FORCE** **NAVY** **COMMAND** **COMMAND** **COMMAND** **COMMAND** **SUPPORT** **FORCES COMMAND** Logistic Section Logistic Section Logistic Section Logistic Section **Southern Operational** **Western Operational** Arsenals, Base, **Command** **Command** Storages Logistic Element Logistic Element Arsenals, Bases, Storgages on Service Nomenclature Military Units and Installations of the Armed Forces Peacekeeping Contingents Command Functions Support Funtiocns ----- STRUCTURE OF THE ARMED FORCES MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPLY AND SUPPORT **Figure 1. Continuation** ###### FUTURE Annex 2 Defining Armed Forces Requirements |FUTURE|Col2| |---|---| |UTURE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE MOD GERERAL STAFF OF UKRAINIAN ARMED FORCES DEPARTMENTS Military Items and Services Procurement Defining Armed Forces Requirements JOINT OPERATIONAL SUPPORT FORCE LAND FORCE HQ AIR FORCE HQ NAVY FORCE HQ COMMAND FORMATION Logistic Section Logistic Section Logistic Section Logistic Section JOINT SUPPORT CENTRES Air Force and Navy Armament and Military Missiles and Military Items Fuels and Lubricants Nomenclature Support Equipment Support Ammunition Supply Supply Centres Supply Centres Centres Centres Centres Military units and installations of the Armed Forces|| ||| Command Funtions Support Functions **Table 1. Available Industrial Capabilities on Disposing Missiles and Ammunitions** |Industry|Capabilities, Thns tns per year|Ammunitions Nomenclature| |---|---|---| ----- STRUCTURE OF THE ARMED FORCES MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPLY AND SUPPORT Annex 2 **Figure 2. Medical Support in the Armed Forces, end of 2011** **DEFENCE MINISTER** **CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF** |DEFENCE MINISTER|Col2| |---|---| ||| |CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF|Col2| |---|---| ||| |Sanitation-Epidemiological Directorate MoD, Sanitation-Epidemiological Establishments – 15|Central Pathology Laboratory MoD – 1| |---|---| |Central and Regional Military-Medical Commissions MoD – 6|Centres of Medical Rehabilitation and Sanatorium Treatement MoD – 8| |---|---| |Main Military-Medical Clinic Centre (Kyiv)|Col2|Military-Medical Clinic Centre North Region (Kharkiv)|Col4|Military-Medical Clinic Centre Western Region (Lviv)|Col6|Military-Medical Clinic Centre South Region (Odesa)|Col8|Military-Medical Clinic Centre Central Region (Vinnitsa)|Col10|Military-Medical Clinic Centre Crimea Region (Sevastopol)|Col12| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ||||||||||||| |Regional Military-Medical Units (Agencies)|Col2| |---|---| ||| ----- ###### ANNEX 3 **TESTS AND PERSPECTIVE RESEARCH** **PROJECTS** **LAND FORCE** - Infantry fighting vehicle BMP-1 with new **WEAPONS AND** “Shturm” module; **EQUIPMENT** - BTR 70 modernization project; - BRDM-2 modernization project; - _Т-84 tank development;_ - _multifunctional missile complex;_ - high-precise artillery ammunition; - portable anti-tank missile complex; - dynamic protection complex for armoured vehicles; - _120-mm high-precise guided mine_ - _MLRS BM-21 “Gad” modernization_ _project_ **AIR FORCE** - Ан-70 militray-transport aircraft; **WEAPONS AND** - “Air-toAir” missile; **EQUIPMENT** - _guided air bomb;_ - _Air Force automated command and_ _control system_ **NAVAL FORCE** - _“Corvette” class battle ship_ **WEAPONS AND** **EQUIPMENT** **SPECIAL TYPES** **OF WEAPONS AND** **EQUIPMENT** _Note:_ Weapons and military equipment. Perspective projects of weapons and military equipment. #### EQUIPPING THE ARMED FORCES 2007 |Col1|TESTS AND PERSPECTIVE RESEARCH PROJECTS • Infantry fighting vehicle BMP-1 with new “Shturm” module; • BTR 70 modernization project; • BRDM-2 modernization project; • Т-84 tank development; • multifunctional missile complex; • high-precise artillery ammunition; • portable anti-tank missile complex; • dynamic protection complex for armoured vehicles; • 120-mm high-precise guided mine; • MLRS BM-21 “Gad” modernization project • Ан-70 militray-transport aircraft; • “Air-toAir” missile; • guided air bomb; • Air Force automated command and control system • “Corvette” class battle ship|NEW ITEMS CERTIFICATION • Complex training simulator for BMP-2 crew; • De-mining light protective set КС- 1/2; • night vision googles ONB-300; • Land surface navigation complex of and time support SN-3210; • Tank guided missile “Combat” • Modernised radio-location station P-19МА; • Modernised radio-location station P-18МА; • Interference-protected Modernised radio-location station P-18 МU; • UTKV Training Complex of Mi-8 MTV Helicopter ; • Triple-grid radio-location station “Pelican” • troposhere communication station R-417МU; • local network switchboard А-101; • field telephone set ТА-01; • digital telephone CТА-04; • router А-201; • Radio Relay Station R-450; • field subscriber cros КR-351; • Portable radiostation R-005U 5 Vt; • radioslice gate R-1261; • Military stereo broadcasting set VSTU-50; • portable videobroadcasting set PKVS; • Digital cable modem М-101; • digital automatic switch system К-201; • charger ZP-11|ACQUISITION • Т-64 BМ “Bulat” tank – 19; • Т-64 BМ “Bulat” cumulative protection complex – 17; • “Stugna”anti-tank guided misslie – 50; • “Combat”anti-tank guided misslie – 50; • Parachute systems – 820; • Surveillance radio-location systems – 77; • Т-64B, BMP-2 and vehicle crew complex simulators – 6; • wheeled vehicles – 57 • Modernized Radio-location Station 35D6 - 2; • Radio-location survelliance systems- 55; • flight parameters registry systems BUR-4-1 - 3 • hydroacoustic communication stations – 4; • vessels` diesel engines – 4;. • rescue rafts PRN-6МК, PRN-10МК – 27; • emergency-rescue items – 146; • emergency drainage systems – 16 • troposhere communication stations R-417МU – 2;. • Radio-Electronic Warfare station SPS-1 – 1; • NBBC protection items – 2 800; • Short Range surface radio- locators – 20; • digital communication equipment of military use – 1 263; • Navigation, troposhere and metrological support items – 172; • Information security and protection systems – 117|MODERNIZATION AND EXTENDING OF SERVICE LIFE • Т-64 BМ “Bulat” tank”; • “Tochka-U” missile” • Ка-27 helicopters; • MiG-29, SU-25, L-39 aircraft; • An-24, Аn-26, Аn-30 aircraft; • aircraft engines; • 35D6 radio-location stations; • anti-aircraft missile complex S-300P, 9К37 “Buk”; • Radio-penetrative covers; • extend service life of air missiles R -27 and R-73 • “Osa-M” anti-aircraft guided missiles; • “Termit-R” cruise missile; • torpedoes • Jamming stations; • troposhere communication stations| |---|---|---|---|---| |LAND FORCE WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT||||| |AIR FORCE WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT||||| |NAVAL FORCE WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT||||| |SPECIAL TYPES OF WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT||||| ----- ###### ANNEX 4 #### COMMAND AND CONTROL AGENCIES, STRUCTURE AND COMBAT STRENGTH **������������������������������������������������������������������** ----- COMMAND AND CONTROL AGENCIES, STRUCTURE AND COMBAT STRENGTH **���������������������������������������������������������������������������** ����������������������� **������������������������������������������������** ������������������������������ ��������������������� **������������������������������** ���������� J2 ��������������������������������� **������������** **������������** **��������������������** **��������������������** **�����** **�����** **���������������** **���������������** �������������� **���������������** ���������������� **�����������������** **�����������������** ������������ ��� **�����������������** ����������� ��������������� ������������������������������ �������������������������������������� ����������� ����� ������������������������ ���������������� ����������� ������������ �������� ������������ ��������� ���������������� ��� ��������� ����������� ����������� ����������� ������� ���������������� ����������� ����������������� ��������������� ��������������� ������� ��� �������� ����������� J8 ������������������������ ��������������������� �������������� �������������� ����������� ����� ����������� ���������������������������������������������� **Figure 3. Joint Operational Command, by the end of the year** Annex 4 |COMMANDER, JOINT OPERATIONAL COMMAND Legal Support First Deputy Commander, Chief of Staff – Team JOC First Deputy Commander JOC Administration Land Force First Deputy Chief Deputy Chief of Staff Section Section of Staff Operations Logistics Admin Air Force Operational Training and Logistics Element Section Section J-3 Analysis Section J-7 Section J-4 Naval Force Finance and Resources Section Section Operational International Operational J-8 Planning Cooperation Section Support Section J-5 Section Information and Personnel Analysis Section Civil-Military Section J-1 Communication and Relations Social, psychological Informa St eio cn ti oS nystem J-s 6 Section J-9 and Information Support Information Security Section Intelligence and Cryptology Section J-2 Section COMMAND STAFF|Col2| |---|---| |Administration Land Force Section Section Admin Air Force Element Section Naval Force Finance and Resources Section Section J-8 Information and Personnel Analysis Section Section J-1 Social, psychological and Information Support Section COMMAND|First Deputy Chief Deputy Chief of Staff of Staff Operations Logistics Operational Training and Logistics Section J-3 Analysis Section J-7 Section J-4 Operational International Operational Planning Cooperation Section Support Section J-5 Section Civil-Military Communication and Relations Information Systems Section J-9 Section J-6 Information Security Intelligence and Cryptology Section J-2 Section STAFF| ----- COMMAND AND CONTROL AGENCIES, STRUCTURE AND COMBAT STRENGTH Annex 4 **Figure 4. Armed Forces Structure, by the end of the year** **�����������������������** **����** **���** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����** **�����������** **�������** **Figure 5. Armed Forces Strength 2005-2008, by the end of each year** ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������ ������ ������ ���� ���� ���� �������������� ������������������ |Col1| |                 | |---|---|---| || || **�����** **�����������** **�������** ����� - According to the draft Law of Ukraine “On the Armed Forces strength for 2008” (regist №1316 dated January 23, 2008) **Figure 6. Structure and Combat Strength of Land Forces, by the end of the year** **����������** **�������** **�������** **��������** **�����������** **�����������** **�����������** **��������������** **�������** **�������** **�������** **��������������������������** **��������������������������** **����** **����** **����** **�����** **�����** **�����** ������ ������� �������� �������� �������� ���������� ���������� ���������� �������� �������� �������� �������� ��������� ������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� ��������� ������� ������� ������� ������������� ������������ ������������������� �������� �������� �������� �������� ��������� �������� ������������� ������������ ������� ������� ����� �������� ������������ �������� �������� ����� �������� �������� ������� ������� �������� �������� ������������ ������������ ����� ����� �������������������������� ������������ ���������������� ����������������������� �������������������������� ���������������� ������������������� |Col1|"SNZ $PSQT| |---|---| ||| ||| ----- COMMAND AND CONTROL AGENCIES, STRUCTURE AND COMBAT STRENGTH **Figure 7. Structure and Combat Strength of Air Force, by the end of the year** **���������** **�������** **���** **���** **���** **�������** **�������** **�������** ����������� ����� ���������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� �������� ����� �������� ���������������� �������� �������� �������� ������������ ������ ����������� ����������� ������������� ����������� ��� ���������������� �������� ��������� ��������������� ��������� �������� �������������� ����������� �������������� �������������� �������� �������� ��������� ������� ��������� ��� �������� ������������������������� ��������������������� ������������������������� ��������������������� ������������������������� �������� �������� ����� ������������ ������������ �������� ����� ����� ������ �������������������������� ���������������������� ����������������������� **Figure 8. Structure and Combat Strength Naval Force, by the end of the year** Annex 4 |Col1|"JS $PNNBOE|Col3| |---|---|---| |Col1|"JS $PNNBOE| |---|---| |"JS $PNNBOE|Col2| |---|---| �������������������������� ��������������������������� ���������������������������� ���������� ������������������������������ ������������������������������ ������������������������������������������� ----- ###### ANNEX 5 #### TNK TRAINING COMPLEX One of the ways to improve the effectiveness of forces combat training is to gradually modernize available and develop and use new education, simulation and training means and training range` equipment. TNK Training Complex is one of the examples of modern education and training assets. The Tank Training Complex, designed to train tank crews in order to form, develop and enhance strong skills in using all combat military systems. The Training Complex enables: - high quality training during combat training activities of crews and units, objective control and timely adjustment to training processes; - improving training level by creating computer networks of training complexes, combined into training centres of the Armed Forces; - significant resource savings. Use of TNK simulator for military expert training allows: - reducing almost by half the length of practical classes, required for Specialists initial training; - reducing almost five times the annual expenditure for firing and tactical training of crews. ###### Trainee Workstations Instructor Workstation ###### Gunner Workstation Tank Crew Commander Workstation ----- ###### ANNEX 6 **MILITARY TRAINING** #### ARMED FORCES TRAINING 2007 |Figure 1. Military Training to Headquarters’ Staff|Col2|Col3| |---|---|---| |Activity|Numbers|| ||Planned for Year|Conducted| |FORCES TRAINING Figure 2. Military Training to Services’ Headquarters’ Staff|Col2|Col3| |---|---|---| |Activity|Numbers|| ||Planned for Year|Conducted| |Forces Combat Training Figure 3. Land Force’s Units|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |Activity|Planned||Conducted||% Accomplished|| ||JRRF|MDF|JRRF|MDF|JRRF|MDF| ----- ARMED FOR C E S T R A I N I N G 2 0 0 7 Annex 6 **Figure 4. Army Aviation Flight Training** **Activity** Squadron Flight Exercise Practical Fire at Ground Targets JRRF Average Flight Time per Crew MDF **Figure 5. Air Force Flight Training** **Activity** Squadron Flight Exercise Ground Targets Firing Non-Guided Missiles Launches Bombing Airborne Drops JRRF Average Flight Time per Crew MDF **Figure 6. Naval Force Training** **Activity** Artillry Firing on Maritime Targets Artillery Firing at Coastal Targets Missile Maritime Firing Mine Catching Mining Exercise Mining Torpedoe Firing Anti-Submarine Bombings Bomb Exploding Combat Mine Catching Anti-Aircraft Firing Maritime Periods of Ships (catres), days **Figure 7. Naval Aviation Flight Training** |Activity|Planned|Conducted|% Acomplished| |---|---|---|---| |Activity|Planned|Conducted|% Acomplished| |---|---|---|---| |Figure 6. Naval Force Training|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |Activity|Planned||Conducted||% Accomplished|| ||JRRF|MDF|JRRF|MDF|JRRF|MDF| |Activity|Planned|Conducted|% Accomplished| |---|---|---|---| |Figure 8. Naval Coast Guard Units’ Training|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |Activity|Planned||Conducted||% Accomplished|| ||JRRF|MDF|JRRF|MDF|JRRF|MDF| ----- ###### ANNEX 7 #### UKRAINIAN ARMED FORCES PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL EXERCISES 2007 **Armament, Military Equipment,** **Exercise** **Dates** **Area** **Tasks Trained** **Participants** **_IN UKRAINE OR NEAR BORDERS_** Bilateral Russian- April 19 Ukrainian Airspace, Improving the interoperability Ukraine – duty crews with reinforcement forces Ukrainian Air Defence South East Russia of Air Defence duty forces and of Air Force Command Centre, command posts of Exercise means air commands “Centre”, “South”, tactical group “Crimea”, Air Defence units; 7 aircraft crews. Russia – duty crews with reinforcement of Russian Federation Air Force **_Sea Breese-2007_** July 7-22 Ukraine, Odesa port, International staff training, Ukraine – more than 400 Service personnel, UKR-US Tactical Naval Shyrokolonivskii officers training for joint 11 Naval ships, Borderguard vessel of the State Exercise Training Range, peacekeeping operations Borderguard service. Black Sea 583 representatives of 15 nations: Austria, Albania, Azerbajan, Armenia, Greece, Georgia, Denmark, Canada, Latvia, Macedonia, Moldova, Germany, US, Turkey, Romania; nine ships. |Exercise|Dates|Area|Tasks Trained|Armament, Military Equipment, Participants| |---|---|---|---|---| ----- UKRAINIAN ARMED FORCES PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL EXERCISES 2007 Annex 7 |Exercise|Dates|Area|Tasks Trained|Armament, Military Equipment, Participants| |---|---|---|---|---| ----- ###### ANNEX 8 **Figure 1. Personnel Centres’ Structure** #### ARMED FORCES PROFESSIONALISATION ###### ARMED FORCES PERSONNEL CENTRE **Command** Service Personnel Individual Section of Automatization Registry Section Liable for Military Service Individual Admin Section Registry Section Civil Servants Registry Section Information Protection Section Information-Analytical Section ###### LAND FORCE PERSONNEL CENTRE |Col1|Col2|D FORCES PERSONNEL C|Col4|Col5|Col6| |---|---|---|---|---|---| |||Command|||| ||||||| |Evaluation Analysis and Rating Section Personnel Management Section Manning and Posting Section Statistics Registry Section||Service Personnel Individual Registry Section Liable for Military Service Individual Registry Section Civil Servants Registry Section Information-Analytical Section|||Section of Automatization Admin Section Information Protection Section| ||||Service Personnel Individual Registry Section||| ||Statistics Registry Section||Information-Analytical Section||| ||||||| |Command|Col2|Col3| |---|---|---| |||| |Manning and Posting Section Information, Registry and Statistics Section||| ||Manning and Posting Section|| ||Information, Registry and Statistics Section|| |||| ----- ARMED FOR C E S P R O F E S S I O N A L I S AT I O N Annex 8 **Figure 2. Increasing Ukrainian Citizen Motivation for Contract Military Service** 1.5-2 times increase in pay allowance for all categories of Service personnel Appropriate Living Participation in International Cooperation and Peacekeeping Activities Possibility for Free Higher Education Advertisment and Information on Contract Military Service |Col1|1.5-2 times increase in pay allowance for all categories of Service personnel Appropriate Living Conditions|Col3| |---|---|---| Increase in Level of Combat Training Introduction of NCOs Training System in NATO Nations’ Training Facilities |Col1|Provding Free Meals during Missions, Duties and Training in Camps and Training Centres Improving the Level of Clothing Support|Col3| |---|---|---| ----- A R M E D F O R C E S P R O F E S S I O N A L I S AT ION Annex 8 **Figure 3. Military Position Passport** ###### P O S I T I O N C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S 1. Organization Subordination 2 . Nomenclature of Assignments 3. Military-Registry Speciality 4. Military Rank according to Staff Position 5. Position Pay (tariff grade) 6. Access to National Secrets 7. Role in Special Periods (crises, etc) **Figure 4. Senior Officers’ Rotation** **Defence Ministerial Order №594 dated 15 October 2007** |Col1|SBU Colonel Y. Shuba – to become Assistant to Defence Minister on Security| |---|---| |Col1|MG SBU A. Matveev – Assistant to Defence Minister on Secutity returned to SBU| |---|---| |LTG І.Rusnak – First Deputy Head, National Defence Academy of Ukraine to become Commander of Ukraine Air Force|Col2| |---|---| ----- #### CONTENTS ###### President of Ukraine - Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Ukrainian Armed Forces on Stability of National Defence Policy ...................... 3 Minister of Defence of Ukraine Foreword .................................................................... 5 Part 1 Ukraine Armed Forces Development in 2007 Summary ...........................................7 Part 2 Year of Improvement of Operational and Logistic Support of the Armed Forces, Raising the Level of Forces Safety and Explosive and Fire Safety of Arsenals, Bases and Depots .............................19 Part 3 Improving Armed Forces Structure, Command and Control System ...................................................................................31 Part 4 Forces Training ..............................................................................................................39 Part 5 Transition to Professional Armed Forces ...................................................................47 Part 6 Social Guarantees – Component of Armed Forces Professionalization ..........................................................................61 Part 7 Military and Society – New Format of Relations ........................................................71 Part 8 International Cooperation, Peacekeeping and Arms Control ................................................................................81 Conclusions .........................................................................................................................91 Officials of the Defence Ministry, General Staff and Services ......................................92 Annexes .........................................................................................................................101 **WHITE BOOK** **2007** **DEFENCE POLICY OF UKRAINE** Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, 2008 Layout and design – Moskalenko O.M., 2008 -----