# The National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) #### Office of the National Security Council Office of the Prime Minister ----- ----- ## The National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) #### Office of the National Security Council Office of the Prime Minister ----- ----- ##### Foreword ###### National security is a vital foundation for the nation’s progress, prosperity, resilience against problems and effective preparedness. For this reason, the Cabinet passed a resolution on 3 September 2019 to approve the National Security Policy and Plan (2019-2022) proposed by the Office of the National Security Council as the principal framework for the prevention, warning, resolution or suppression of threats and for the maintaining of national security. The National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) were prepared through the collaboration of various sectors in providing opinions, suggestions, strategic goals, indicators and strategies for all aspects of national security. It also includes the assessment and analyses of future security trends within the internal and external security contexts, study of the National Strategy, the National Reform Plan and the 12[th] National Economic and Social Development Plan (2017 – 2022), the National Strategy’s Master Plan, the policies/strategies of relevant ministries and allocated budgets. According to the Cabinet resolution on Guidelines for the submission of the Cabinet’s consideration, passed on 4 December 2017, the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) is considered a second-level plan devised to support the National Strategy, which is the first-level plan. In implementing the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022), relevant state agencies will formulate their own strategies, plans or projects corresponding to the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) or the national security operation plans or collaborative projects to achieve maximum security benefits and national interests. The Office of the National Security Council shall act as the key monitoring agency for these operations. To be successful, all sectors must join forces in collaborative and integrative implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) to achieve the tangible outcomes of national security, prosperity and sustainability. Office of the National Security Council Office of the Prime Minister ----- ----- ### CONTENT The National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) ###### Page Part 1 : Introduction 1 - 2 1.1 Principles and rationale 1 1.2 Preparation process 2 Part 2 : Security situations and contexts (2019 - 2022) 3 - 8 Part 3 : National Security Policy and Plan 9 - 29 3.1 Conceptual framework 9 3.2 Definition 10 3.3 National interests 11 3.4 National objectives 11 3.5 Vision 12 3.6 National security policies 12 3.7 National-level security plans 13 3.7.1 Strengthening human security 13 3.7.2 Intelligence and security situation assessment 14 3.7.3 Strengthening the security of key national institutions and 15 the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State 3.7.4 Developing the national preparedness system 16 3.7.5 Developing the national defense capability 17 3.7.6 Promoting national unity 18 3.7.7 Preventing and resolving violence in the Southern border provinces problems 19 3.7.8 Managing illegal immigrant problems 20 3.7.9 Preventing and resolving human trafficking problems 21 3.7.10 Drug prevention and suppression 21 3.7.11 Promoting national security against corruption threats 22 3.7.12 Maintaining border security 23 3.7.13 Maintaining maritime security 23 3.7.14 Preventing and resolving transnational threat 24 ----- ###### 3.7.15 Preventing and resolving cyber security problems 25 3.7.16 Maintaining balance international relations 26 3.7.17 Maintaining energy security 27 3.7.18 Maintaining food and water security 27 3.7.19 Maintaining natural resource and environmental security 28 Part 4 : Implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan 30 - 33 4.1 Overview of the implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) 30 4.2 Guideline for the assigning of responsible state agencies 30 4.3 Criteria and procedures for the preparation of specific security strategy or plan 32 4.4 Determination of national security plans or flagship projects 33 4.5 Success factors 33 -------------------------------------------- ----- ##### The National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) ###### Part 1 : Introduction 1.1 Principles and rationale Whereas Section 52 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, B.E. 2560 (2017) stipulates that the State shall protect and uphold the monarchical institution, independence, sovereignty, integrity of the territories and the areas over which Thailand has the sovereignty rights, honor and interest of the Nation, security of the State, and public order. Hence, for these purposes, the State shall provide efficient military, diplomatic, and intelligence services for the purpose of national development, in conjunction with Section 13 of the National Security Council Act, B.E. 2559 (2016) which stipulates that the Cabinet shall have the National Security Policy and Plan established, with the National Security Council’s recommendation, the Office of the National Security Council hereby formulates the present National Security Policy and Plan. The formulation of the said National Security Policy and Plan shall be in accordance with Section 14 of the National Security Council Act, B.E. 2559 (2016) which stipulates that the National Security Policy and Plan must coherently address domestic and foreign policies as well as military, economic and other national security policies to ensure close collaboration among state agencies for constructive national security, and they must at least specify the national security goals and implementation guidelines for the following issues: 1) To strengthen the security of the nation’s key institutions and the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State; 2) To protect and uphold national interests; 3) To promote the national preparedness system and national defense capability; and 4) To maintain national and international security. Formulation of the National Security Policy and Plan shall also be in accordance with Section 5 Paragraph Three of the National Strategy Preparation Act, B.E. 2560 (2017) which stipulates that the Cabinet shall determine its policies on the administration of state affairs before assuming the administration of state affairs, and the preparation of the National Economic and Social Development Plan, the National Security Policy and Plan and any other plans, including the preparation of annual appropriations must be consistent with the National Strategy. Upon the royal promulgation enacting the National Security Policy and Plan, the Cabinet or state agencies must adopt them as the frameworks or guidelines for the execution of their powers and duties in preparing the state affairs administrative plans, legislative plans, specific strategies and security plans, the national preparedness plan, the crisis management plans related to the national security or plans/projects related to the National Security Policy and Plan or any other operation that are in line with the National Security Policy and Plan. ----- ###### 1.2 Preparation process Section 21(2) of the National Security Council Act, B.E. 2559 (2016) stipulates that the Office of the National Security Council shall prepare drafts of the National Security Policy and Plan in compliance with the goals and guidelines prescribed by the National Security Council for submission to the Council together with Section 13 Paragraph Two which stipulates that in formulating the National Security Policy and Plan, the Council shall organize hearings to solicit opinions from relevant state agencies and the public. The Office of the National Security Council subsequently submitted drafts of the National Security Policy and Plan to the National Strategy Committee for consideration pursuant to Section 5 Paragraph Three of the National Strategy Preparation Act, B. E. 2560 (2017) and the Cabinet resolution, passed on 4 December 2017, regarding guidelines for Cabinet submission of plans. The drafts National Security Policy and Plan were then submitted to the Cabinet for approval. The Office of the National Security Council also complied with Section 13 Paragraph Three of the National Security Council Act, B.E. 2559 (2016) which stipulates that announcement and revision of the National Security and Plan shall be issued as a royal command to be promulgated in the Government Gazette. ----- ###### Part 2 : Security situations and contexts (2019 - 2022) 2.1 Shifting global security contexts 2.1.1 International politics: There is a trend toward a multipolar system of global politics in which Russia and China are challenging the United States’ influence. However, the cooperation between the United States, Japan, Australia and India under the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) framework will strengthen the United States’ roles as the forerunner of Asian security. In addition, the impacts of emerging powers on the global economy, especially the BRICS grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, have significantly increased in the international arenas, with the intention of becoming more involved in determining the regulatory framework for the global economy. These major shifts in the global economy and international finance toward a new balance of power pose challenges to the existing world order both in terms of world politics and economy. Such development forces Thailand to adopt more flexible international policies to maintain its international relations balance with the superpowers. Moreover, the world is also facing the important global issues of energy, natural resource and environmental security as well as natural disasters, especially the search for new energy sources which may lead to international conflicts. At the same time, other environmental issues such as climate change also have direct impacts on the occurrence of severe natural disasters. International cooperation to address global environmental problems is, therefore, imperative and tends to result in more interventions by the superpowers in the forms of new international relations regulations which can be used as an excuse for the introduction of new trade protectionist measures. 2.1.2 Possession of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction: The expansion of the sphere of influence and the development of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction capability by many countries are the contributing factors to international tension and distrust. It also leads to the rise in the smuggling of material/equipment for the production of weapons and the terrorist groups’ use of production technology and R&D data to develop more destructive weapons. Such developments are major concerns that require more international cooperation to address the issues. There have been efforts by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to press the international community into implementing the following measures: 1) To raise awareness of the importance of nuclear security at the state level; 2) To have countries preparing action plans to address nuclear and radioactive threats; 3) To encourage data sharing and collaboration between state agencies of countries with adjacent borders; and 4) To support the organizing of trainings in detection of nuclear and radioactive materials smuggling. 2.2 Shifting regional security contexts 2.2.1 Increasing influences and roles of the superpowers in Southeast Asian region: There have been policy shifts among the superpowers that indicate a tendency toward increasing competition and expansion of their influence, both military and economic, for their national interest. The competition is especially fierce between the United States and China as both countries try to secure alliance from small and medium - sized countries. While the United States follows the Indo-Pacific ----- ###### Strategy, China adopts the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Strategy with the goals of securing economic, trade, investment and the inter-regional infrastructures connecting Asia, Africa and Europe. To achieve these goals, China tries hard to extend its political and diplomatic influences over ASEAN countries which resulted in more regional conflicts. However, the region’s current forms of interception-engagement, blockage and collaborative relations with the superpowers have forced small and medium - sized countries to be more cautious in maintaining a balance in their relations with the superpowers. Nevertheless, Thailand’s geographical advantages can be utilized to advance her economic policies among other countries in the region, especially the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) policy that can be linked to China’s BRI policy and the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT – GT) policy. 2.2.2 Expansion of regional international relations: ASEAN countries are rapidly moving toward more “political, security, economic and social integration and cohesiveness” under the ASEAN Community Visions 2025. This vision will result in the strengthening of political and economic cooperation among ASEAN member countries through regional transportation routes. Nevertheless, challenges to the ASEAN Community come from their diverse political and economic systems. The promotion of the sense of community and open interaction among member countries, especially on the issue of free population movement within the region, can create security risks for ASEAN member countries. Such risks include the rise of transnational crimes, black economy, drug and human trafficking problems. In addition, ASEAN is still facing the challenge of how to maintain national security while engaging with the superpowers, including the South China Sea conflicts among several ASEAN member countries. Nevertheless, the relations among ASEAN member countries are relatively unified with no tendency toward any internal discord. At present, ASEAN is striving toward becoming a perfect community and aims to achieve more cooperation and unity. 2.2.3 Territorial conflicts and the use of military forces: Thailand has positive relations with the neighboring countries with no border conflicts that require the use of military forces. Although there are still some misunderstandings and distrust which may lead to conflicts, the degree of violence caused by such problems are localized due to the close relations and cooperation that exist at all levels as well as the strong preventive diplomacy and positive cooperation within the region and the ASEAN Community. However, based on the existing regional conflicts together with the internal situations of Thailand’s neighboring countries, the roles that the superpowers play within the region and the territorial disputes, both land and sea, that Thailand has with several neighboring countries, the risk of military dispute in the region still remains. This fact is apparent from the increased military budgets of many countries in the region. Escalation of conflicts and lack of mutual cooperation to efficiently deal with the problem can lead to the use of military forces. 2.2.4 Maritime security and interests: Thailand’s maritime interest is highly valuable due to its geopolitical importance, strategic location on the regional maritime route and abundant maritime natural resources. These factors are the reasons why the superpowers have keen interests in maintaining ----- ###### and expanding their influence in the region. Major threats to the region’s maritime security are: maritime territorial dispute, competition for maritime interests, uncertainty over the South China Sea, maritime terrorism, man-made environmental degradation, enforcement of maritime laws, maritime industrial problems, maritime smuggling of goods, materials and instruments with potential for the production of weapons of mass destruction, drugs and military weapons, illegal migration, piracy, maritime disaster and natural disaster that may have impacts on the risk to the maintaining of the balance of maritime security and interests. The overall maritime security of Thailand is still normal and suitable for tourism and international trade. However, Thailand is still facing the problem of encroachment on its maritime rights due to its abundant maritime resources and the consequential impacts of the region’s current maritime security situations. 2.3 Shifting domestic security contexts 2.3.1 Security of the monarchical institution: The monarchy shall continue to play important roles as one of the key institutions of the Thai society. However, domestic and international political movements also continue to undermine the monarchy for their own benefits by making fault claims to smear and cause misunderstanding of the monarchical institution. These are sensitive issues that can cause conflicts among various groups within the Thai society. The close connection that the Thais have with their kings are continually weakened, especially among the Thai youth, due to their lack of understanding and recognition of the important roles of the institution as the focal point of the Thai society’s morale and unity. 2.3.2. Internal conflicts: Thailand’s political development is moving toward the political culture that demands more people participation in the decision-making process of government policies, especially the policies relating to the distribution of wealth and the management of key natural resources. They are expressed through the people’s demand for political rights and civil liberty through the election process and the rights to protect their own interest or the local community’s rights. While Thailand is experiencing major changes in its economic, social and political structures it is also facing structural problems caused by inherent economic and social inequality, unequal access to natural resources, corruption, injustice, inefficient public administration and different points of view of different groups of people. These are the push factors that lead to disparity of ideas between different groups of people which have become more apparent in recent years and resulted in violent political conflicts of increasingly complex nature. People tend to have lower level of tolerance and political conflicts have become a sensitive issue that pose a threat to the unity and immunity of the Thai society. However, there are no signs that in the near future political risks will escalate into the serious threats or political conflicts of the past periods. This is because the Thai people still want to maintain peace and social order. Key factors for the creation of social unity are: reduction of social inequality, equal access to the judicial process, human rights protection, elimination of corruption, promotion of democracy and people’s participation in politics. ----- ###### 2.3.3 Situations in the Southern Border Provinces: Conflict in the Southern Border Provinces are highly complex, sensitive and multi-faceted issues caused by religious ideology, cultural and historical factors as well as injustice in the areas. The violent perpetrators with separatism ideology use the differences in religions and ethnic identities to justify their use of violence. The situations are further exacerbated by the problems of narcotics, complicate threats, the civil sector’s influence, youth groups with different views from the State recruited to join their violent campaigns, international organization’s roles and interventions as well as illegal trade and smuggling of goods. Situations in the Southern Border Provinces are improving with the introduction of the government policies to win the trust of local people and to promote tangible recognition and acceptance of a multicultural society. 2.3.4 Lack of confidence in governmental administration under the rule of law: Thailand is still facing structural problems that are not conducive to public administration under the rule of law, the lack of confidence in the leaders as well as the relatively centralized political and administrative structures that limit participation by other sectors in the society. Heightened levels of public corruption have resulted in people’s distrust of the government while some people still find it acceptable. Public corruption undermines the moral and ethical foundations of the Thai society. 2.3.5 Drug problems: Drug problems continue to be one of the social problems that will continue to exist despite the level of national development. This problem is most serious among the vulnerable youth and children. Other drug-related problems are: crime, an increase in organized crime, uneven development, poverty, etc. The geographical location of Thailand makes its Northern and Northeastern borders vulnerable to transnational drug trafficking. The unique and constantly changing patterns of drug trafficking method and organization make it more difficult to prevent and suppress drug trafficking. 2.3.6 Natural disaster risks: Changing global weather patterns and global warming have become more severe with an increase in the world population. Moreover, economic-growth-oriented development also resulted in unregulated use of natural resources which created environment degradation and negative impacts on the ecosystem. Such changes have led to more frequent and severe natural disasters with more areas that are at risk of floods, storms, droughts, flash floods, landslides, tsunamis, coastal erosion, sinkholes and earthquakes. Floods and droughts, which have become increasingly more frequent and severe, are the two main disasters Thailand is facing. It is, therefore, necessary for Thailand to develop the capability, knowledge, skills, experiences and preparedness for efficient crisis and disaster management as well as the prevention, resolving and rehabilitation of the impacts of more severe crisis and natural disasters. There must also be more cooperation with the international community in the management of such disasters. 2.4 Shifting transborder security contexts 2.4.1 Shifting transnational threats: Transnational threats have rapidly and extensively increased with the emergence of globalization that affects the economy, politics, social systems and the ----- ###### national security of Thailand, especially the rise of terrorism and transnational crime. The driving force behind Thailand’s terrorism threats is the compelling ideological conflicts that turn believers into various forms of terrorism from lone-actor to small cell terrorist. Major factors for terrorism are: economic, social and political injustice, ethnic and culture identity problems and religious ideology. International terrorist groups with no clear command structure are spreading their activities across the world and are leaning more toward urban terrorism. International terrorist groups are also active in Southeast Asia, spreading violent ideologies and recruiting new followers. In Southeast Asia, terrorist attacks are carried out both by local terrorist groups that are inspired by international terrorist groups, and international terrorist groups that penetrate into this region by exploiting the vulnerability of countries’ border security measures as well as using the Internet and social media communication to spread their ideologies. The primary target of these terrorist activities is the civilians while the secondary target group are government officials, police officers, soldiers, religious minority and other groups. Terrorist attacks can be either the bombing of the infrastructures or cyberattack. Although Thailand is not a direct target of international terrorist group, it is still essential to monitor possible terrorism risk, especially the risk of Thailand being used as a place of refuge and base for terrorist attack both within and outside the region as well as for urban terrorism. Thailand is the key target for the transnational crimes of drug, human and arms trafficking, money laundering, piracy, economic crime, passport fraud trade as well as cybercrime. All countries regard cybercrime as their top priority and cyberattack is likely to become an integral part of future warfare. There is also a tendency for cybercrime to quickly expand and become difficult to control. The forms and techniques of cybercrime will become more advanced with the rapid progress of science and technology. At the same time, cybercrime law enforcement is still lacking, making it more convenient to commit cybercrime with the help of stronger organized crime network and state officials’ involvement. The connection between terrorism and transnational crime tend to increase with less travelling restriction, the expanding tourism industry as well as the spread of violence ideologies and collaboration of groups with similar ideologies. Integrated security cooperation in ASEAN has been slow due to the different levels of law enforcement efficiency of each member countries. 2.4.2 Population movement: Population movement from neighboring countries into Thailand is mostly illegal and causes subsequent problems of how to discourage travelling and return them to their country. A large number of illegal migrants still find ways to remain in Thailand and causes international political problems, especially in the case of illegal migrants who have conflict with their own government. The main reasons for such migration are political; internal conflict in home country; and economic; different levels of economic development and quality of life. Thailand’s increasing needs for foreign labor came with other problems such as health care, legal status and rights, education, conflict with Thai communities, human trafficking and other crimes, including Thailand’s long-term economic competitiveness. In addition, there is a tendency for migrants to use Thailand as a transit point to enter another country. ----- ###### This is due to Thailand’s geographical location sharing borders with several countries. These problems are sensitive and have multidimensional impacts on security, human right and international relations. 2.4.3 Shifting contexts that create new forms of threats: The scope if current security threats is quite extensive and complex while having more direct impact on the people. New forms of security threats include the threats from changes in global economic, social and political situation, including threats from technological development and cyber interconnectivity that link the infrastructure, transportation, economic and financial systems together. Other sources of change come from climate change and other impacts caused by national development, including unrestricted use of natural resources, which result in food and water insecurity, natural resources and environmental degradation as well as conflicts in the acquiring of resources, threats from infectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases. These threats and risks result in conflicts between the people and state agencies. In addition, an increase in global energy needs affects Thailand’s energy security in term of its competition with other countries in the search for new energy sources, especially as Thailand now has to rely primarily on energy from foreign countries. ----- ###### Part 3 : National Security Policy and Plan 3.1 Conceptual framework 3.1.1 Framework 1 – Legal provisions The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, B.E. 2560 (2017): Article 52 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand stipulates that the State shall protect and uphold the monarchical institution, independence, sovereignty, integrity of the territories and the areas over which Thailand has the sovereignty rights, honor and interest of the Nation, security of the State, and public order. For these purposes, the State shall provide efficient military, diplomatic, and intelligence services. The armed forces shall also be deployed for the purpose of national development. The National Security Council Act, B.E. 2559 (2016) Section 13 of this Act stipulates that the National Security Policy and Plan shall be established as the principal framework or direction for the protection, warning, resolution or suppression of threats and the safeguarding of national security. The National Strategy Preparation Act, B.E. 2560 (2017) Section 5 of this Act stipulates that the National Strategy shall be established with the goals of promoting sustainable national development in accordance with the principle of good governance and the framework for the preparation of consistent and integrated plans to constitute a driving force towards such goals, within the period of time set out in the National Strategy which must not be less than twenty years. The National Strategy shall be promulgated by a Royal Command and shall come into force upon its publication in the Government Gazette, and all State agencies have the duty of implementing them for the purpose of achieving the goals set out therein. Determination of policies on the administration of State affairs by the Cabinet before assuming the administration of State affairs, preparation of the National Economic and Social Development Plan, the National Security Policy and Plan and any other plans, including the preparation of the annual appropriations shall be made in consistency with the National Strategy. 3.1.2 Framework 2 – Adopting the King’s Philosophies as the principles for security operation: These philosophies are, for example, the “Understanding, Reaching out and Developing” strategy, the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy and the New Agriculture Theory as the principles for security operation. 3.1.3 Framework 3 – The importance of comprehensive security: This framework recognizes the importance of various dimensions such as human security, freedom from fear, freedom from want and the importance of state security in the national development that is in line with the people’s happiness and national security. Therefore, the policies, strategies, master plans, and action plans are prepared with the focus on the promotion of national resilience and preparedness against threats or security problems, fairness and reduction of inequality, and financial stability to ensure continuous ----- ###### economic expansion, equal and comprehensive income distribution as well as promoting economic growth for sustainable development that is environmentally-friendly. 3.1.4 Framework 4 – Relationship between the National Strategy and the National Security Plan and strategies of relevant agencies: This framework focuses on the National Strategy (2018 - 2037), the Master Plan under the 20 – Year National Strategy on Security, the Master Plan under the 20 – Year National Strategy on relevant aspects, the 12[th] National Economic and Social Development Plan (2017 – 2022), especially Strategy 5: Promotion of national security for the country’s prosperity, and other relevant strategies, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) 3.1.5 Framework 5 – State-Civil cooperation: Promoting the state- civil cooperation (state agencies, the private sector, the civil society sector, local community and the academic sector) in security promotion/protection and the strengthening of security through community security plans, district/ provincial/provincial group/regional development plans as well as the ministerial/department and administration of the state affairs plans, under the Whole-of-Nation-Approach in which all sectors join forces in implementing security operation. 3.1.6 Framework 6 – Internal security: This framework gives significance to the national preparedness against changes and their impacts by taking into consideration current and future situations. It aims to promote peaceful society where people can enjoy education, employment, income, life and property security, including efficient systems for the observation, monitoring, warning and risk management. 3.1.7 Framework 7 – Maintaining a balanced international system and Thailand’s relations with other countries: This framework aims to create balance and creative roles of Thailand in seeking bilateral, sub-regional, regional and global cooperation with friendly countries on the basis of trust and strategic partnership with the view, perspective, and attitude of goodwill toward neighboring countries at individual and government levels. It aims to seek cooperation or activities that promote friendship rather than historical conflicts or disputes. It also gives significance to the development of all levels of cooperation with the goal of advancing development together. 3.2 Definition 3.2.1 “National Security” means the situation in which the country is free from any threat to its independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, the religious institution, the monarchical institution, public safety and peaceful livelihood that may affect the national interest or its democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State. It also means the country’s preparedness to confront all types of threat situations. 3.2.2 “National Security Policy and Plan” means the key policy and plan that provide a framework or direction for the prevention, warning, mitigation or suppression of security threats to safeguard the national security. ----- ###### 3.2.3 “Threat” means the state or situation leading to the state of insecurity or serious and complicated security problems which, if not rectified, shall have pervasive impact on the national security. 3.3 National interests 3.3.1 Independence, sovereignty and integrity of the state territories. 3.3.2 Stability and sustainability of the country’s key national institutions. 3.3.3 Security of the country and its people from all types of threats. 3.3.4 Peaceful and harmonious coexistence, unity and social stability within a plural society that recognizes human honor and dignity. 3.3.5 National growth, justice, people’s welfare and prosperity. 3.3.6 Natural resource and environmental sustainability, food and water security. 3.3.7 The ability to preserve national interests under the changing international situations. 3.3.8 Peaceful, noble and dignified coexistence with members of the ASEAN and global communities. 3.4 National objectives 3.4.1 To promote and maintain the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State. 3.4.2 To instill loyal and safeguarding of the Nation, Religion and Monarchy institutions conscience of the people. 3.4.3 To promote and support the creation of national unity, justice and harmony to mitigate all forms of confrontation and violence. 3.4.4 To ensure security in the Southern Border Provinces of Thailand with no conditions leading to the use of violence. 3.4.5 To promote the government’s capability and roles and to empower all sectors in their dealing with all types of threats that affect the national security. 3.4.6 To create stable, sustainable and balanced management of the natural resources, environment, energy and food security to keep up with the national development growth and to mitigate the risks of globalization. 3.4.7 To enhance the national preparedness capability for unified and efficient response to war and security crisis. 3.4.8 To enhance the armed forces’ national defense capability, to support non-military operations and to join forces with all sectors in confronting all forms of threats to the national defense. ----- ###### 3.4.9 To promote creative atmosphere for peaceful coexistence with the neighboring countries, group of countries, ASEAN and the global community to protect the country’s interest and honor. 3.5 Visions “Internal stability with the capacity to mitigate transborder threats and to have creative roles in the regional and global communities”. The country enjoys stability and solidarity with livelihood security for the people, continuing development, safety from transborder threats, crisis preparedness, creative roles and responsibility as well as regional and global recognition. 3.6 National security policies 3.6.1 Policy 1: Strengthening the security of key national institutions and the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.1 - To promote and maintain the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State and Objective 3.4.2 - To instill loyal and safeguarding of the Nation, Religion and Monarchy institutions conscience of the people. 3.6.2 Policy 2: Promotion of justice, harmony and national unity. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.3 - To promote and support the creation of national unity, justice and harmony to mitigate all forms of confrontation and violence. 3.6.3 Policy 3: Prevention and resolution of violence in the Southern Border Provinces. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.4 - To ensure security in the Southern Border Provinces of Thailand with no conditions leading to the use of violence. 3.6.4 Policy 4: Setting up a border management system for the prevention and resolution of transborder problems. This policy is established to support Objective 3.4.5 - To promote the government’s capability and roles, to empower all sectors in their dealing with all types of threats that affect the national security. 3.6.5 Policy 5: Strengthening the capability to prevent and resolve transnational threats. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.5 - To promote the government’s capability and roles, to empower all sectors in their dealing with all types of threats that affect the national security. 3.6.6 Policy 6: Prevention and protection of the national maritime interests. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.5 - To promote the government’s capability and roles, to empower all sectors in their dealing with all types of threats that affect the national security. 3.6.7 Policy 7: Establishment of a system for the prevention and resolution of illegal immigrant problems. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.5 - To promote the government’s capability and roles, to empower all sectors in their dealing with all types of threats that affect the na­ tional security. 3.6.8 Policy 8: Strengthening the country’s immunity internal security. This policy aims ----- ###### to support Objective 3.4.5 - To promote the government’s capability and roles, to empower all sectors in their dealing with all types of threats that affect the national security. 3.6.9 Policy 9: Strengthening the national security against corruption threats. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.5 - To promote the government’s capability and roles, to empower all sectors in their dealing with all types of threats that affect the national security. 3.6.10 Policy 10: Strengthening cyber security. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.5 - To promote the government’s capability and roles, to empower all sectors in their dealing with all types of threats that affect the national security. 3.6.11 Policy 11: Maintaining natural resource and environmental security. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.6 - To create stable, sustainable and balanced management of the natural resources, environment, energy and food security to keep up with the national development growth and to mitigate the risks of globalization. 3.6.12 Policy 12: Strengthening energy and food security. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.6 - To create stable, sustainable and balanced management of the natural resources, environment, energy and food security to keep up with the national development growth and to mitigate the risks of globalization. 3.6.13 Policy 13: Development of a national preparedness system to strengthen the national security. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.7 - To enhance the national preparedness capability for unified and efficient response to war and security crisis. 3.6.14 Policy 14: Strengthening and developing national defense capability. This policy is aims to support Objective 3.4.7 - To enhance the national preparedness capability for unified and efficient response to war and security crisis and Objective 3.4.8 - To enhance the armed forces’ national defense capability, to support non-military operations and to join forces with all sectors in confronting all forms of threats to the national defense. 3.6.15 Policy 15: Developing an efficient intelligence services system. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.5 - To promote the government’s capability and roles, to empower all sectors in their dealing with all types of threats that affect the national security. 3.6.16 Policy 16: Strengthening international relations equilibrium. This policy aims to support Objective 3.4.9 - To promote creative atmosphere for peaceful coexistence with the neighboring countries, group of countries, ASEAN and the global community to protect the country’s interest and honor. 3.7 National-level security plans 3.7.1 Strengthening human security: These plans are created to support all national ----- ###### security policies through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: People are united and enjoy secured livelihood and are allowed to participate and are prepared to face problems, threats and security issues. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of promotion of unity among the people. (2) The level of engagement of state agencies, the private sector, local administrative organizations, civil society organizations and the general public in security activities. 3) Strategies: (1) Promoting Thai people’s unity, peaceful society, sustainable national development in accordance with the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy by engaging all sectors from the community to the sub-district, village, provincial, regional and national levels in a network of security support operations and raising their awareness in their responsibility to protect the national interests. (2) Promoting people’s ability to enjoy normal livelihood and have access to the judicial process. (3) Developing and strengthening the capability of the people and local communities to develop resilience and the ability to monitor, give warning, prevent and respond to security problems, particularly the new types of threats, including the ability to adjust and keep up with changes and new security challenges. Enhancing the country’s preparedness to handle all types of threats. (4) Developing human capital by promoting knowledge on national security among executive-level and operative-level officials, who work locally and overseas, to better recognize the importance of coherent collaboration and integration in the planning and implementing of security operations. (5) Promoting education on Thai history, cultivating Thai culture, local wisdom, positive Thai values, national pride and peaceful means of conflict resolution through formal and non-formal education systems in order to support security activities. (6) Promoting the participation of government agencies, the private sector, academics, civil society organizations, local administrative organization, non-government organization and the general public in supporting collaborative projects and security activities that will eliminate or diminish security problems. Promoting continuity of economic growth, economic stability, peaceful society and fair income distribution for equal benefits from the country’s economic growth. 3.7.2 Intelligence and security situation assessment: These plans are created to support Policy 15: Developing an efficient intelligence system through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Setting up an integrated and advanced intelligence system and a ----- ###### collaborative network that can respond to threats as well as assess multidimensional security situations in support of national strategy implementation. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of success in utilizing intelligence gathered and civil intelligence network. (2) The level of application of security situation assessment to all security dimensions. 3) Strategies: (1) Conducting efficient intelligence work, including monitoring and forewarning of threats to support national security intelligence and the national interests. (2) Strengthening unified cooperation within the intelligence community and between state agencies as well as foreign intelligence agencies. Developing information network with the private sector and the general public. (3) Strengthening and continually developing the intelligence system capability as well as formulating intelligence gathering plans and developing intelligence partnership with all sectors through personnel development and improvement of the capability of intelligence technology, database and intelligence organization. (4) Creating suitable atmosphere for intelligence operations. (5) Developing strategic security situation assessment tools. (6) Advocating establishment or development of a future security studies institute or center to assess long-term security trends. 3.7.3 Strengthening the security of key national institutions and the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State These plans are created to support Policy 1: Strengthening the security of key national institutions and the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Safeguarding the monarchical institution under the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State by protecting, upholding and honoring the monarchy. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of efficiency in the safeguarding of the monarchical institution. (2) The level of understanding of the monarchical institution in all sectors. 3) Strategies: (1) Strengthening the efficiency of state agencies’ operation relating to the protection of the King and members of the royal family. (2) Encouraging all sectors of the society and Thai communities overseas to recognize ----- ###### and understand the importance and values of the monarchical institution as the soul of the country and the people. Creating an understanding of the principles, rationales and needs for the safeguarding of the monarchical institution. (3) Applying the King’s Philosophy and Sufficiency Economy Philosophy to the implementation of sustainable development as well as expanding the outcomes and models of the royal-initiated project developed by King Rama IX. Promoting the outcome of such projects to be recognized both domestically and overseas. (4) Strengthening the efficiency of the safeguarding of the monarchical institution. 3.7.4 Developing the national preparedness system: These plans are created to support Policy 13: Development of a national preparedness system to strengthen the national security through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: The national preparedness system provides operational directions and guidelines for the handling of abnormal situation and integrated risk management from all types of threats. All sectors must be ready to support the national preparedness system under the state-civil cooperation and to advocate international security cooperation. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of success in the development of national preparedness system to handle abnormal situations and provide integrated risk management. (2) The level of success in organizing integrated crisis management exercise, both domestically and internationally, to cope with all forms of threats. 3) Strategies: (1) Developing efficient strategic management system and join forces as strategic partner in developing the national preparedness system to handle public disaster, war and security crises. (2) Reviewing, revising and developing national preparedness plans/projects/ budgets for central, regional and local state agencies. (3) Strengthening collaborative preparedness with foreign counterparts against all types of threats by promoting relations, sharing knowledge and experiences, and trainings in preparedness system development with foreign countries under a bilateral or multilateral agreement. (4) Promoting knowledge among personnel in all sectors on national preparedness to enable them to manage risks and resolve national security problems as well as to share knowledge and experiences with foreign countries with preparedness expertise in responding to all types of threats on a continuing basis. ----- ###### 3.7.5 Developing the national defense capability: These plans are created to support Policy 14: Strengthening and developing national defense capability through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: The country is secured and free of military threats. 2) Indicators: (1) Success in preparing the armed forces to handle military threats under the armed forces’ formulated plans. (2) Success of the military reserved system and mobilization systems as assigned by the armed forces’ formulated plans. 3) Strategies: (1) Preparing and deploying military forces to prevent, resolve and end conflicts through joint operations. (2) Developing cyber operation for military purposes through cooperation with all sectors, both domestic and overseas. (3) Developing space technology for use with the communication satellites, security remote sensing satellites, including space surveillance through cooperation with all sectors, both domestic and overseas. (4) Developing an intelligence system for warning of military threats by setting up an intelligence database system through the unified cooperation of the intelligence community, state agencies and foreign intelligence agencies; (5) Promoting science and technology, research and development in national defense, military standards, national defense industry and military energy to ensure military self-reliance through integrated capability of all sectors. Encouraging the private sector to produce such technology for military and commercial purposes. (6) Developing the command and control system and information systems for general administrative affairs that would enable interoperability between agencies under the Ministry of Defense and other security agencies. (7) Developing joint logistics system for self-reliance through cooperation with ally countries and the private sector to support national defense plan implementation and to be able to procure logistics sources from ally countries in case of necessity. (8) Developing mobilization system continually to support expanding military operations in accordance with the national defense plan. (9) Developing a military reserves system for a peace time replacement of certain ----- ###### military posts with appropriate renumerations and capability to support war time military operations in accordance with the national defense plan. (10) Developing and strengthening civilian forces, military reserves, non-service military units, and all types of veterans for the purpose of conserving and compensating limited regular forces. Issuing intelligence warnings by raising public awareness about national defense and establishing systematic databases. 3.7.6 Promoting national unity: These plans are created to support Policy 2: Promotion of justice, harmony and national unity through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: People live in peace with adherence to the rule of law principle and peaceful means. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of harmony in the Thai society. (2) The level of people’s confidence in the governmental judicial process. (3) The level of success in helping the people to access thejudicial process. 3) Strategies: (1) Establishing integrated peaceful approach to conflict management/mechanism by creating confidence and safe atmosphere for the expressing of opinions by all sectors. Promoting peaceful approach to conflict management based on the principles of the rule of laws, democracy, respect of different opinions, people’s rights and liberty. (2) Promoting activities for the promotion of unity at all levels with a special emphasis on creating knowledge and understanding on governmental works. Encouraging people’s participation in determining guidelines for the creation of unity and harmony. (3) Promoting the dissemination of knowledge and justice for all people, especially the knowledge on laws, the judicial process, people’s rights and duties under the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State. Developing transparent and timely judicial process. (4) Focusing on the eradication of poverty and inequality in the Thai society, promoting job opportunity, increasing income distribution, developing quality workforce to increase per capita income, and reforming public administration mechanism at all levels. Restructuring the economic, social, political and administrative structures in accordance with the principle of good governance, emphasizing the promotion of justice, decentralization of power, fair and comprehensive allocation of natural resources, appropriate and equal remedial measures. (5) Promoting the sentiment of affection and pride of being part of the nation, living in peace and harmony within a strong multicultural society. Promoting positive Thai values, respect and honor human dignity, rights, liberty and equality as well as accepting other people’s ideas, beliefs, ----- ###### identities, lifestyles, languages, cultures and traditions. (6) Focusing on the strengthening of public administration under the principle of good governance, endorsing community justice process, decentralization of power and empowerment of local people and community for participation in the policy decision making process, especially on the issues relating to their livelihood and the government’s adopting of peaceful approach to conflict management. 3.7.7 Preventing and resolving violence in the Southern Border Province problems: These plans are created to support Policy 3: Prevention and resolution of violence in the Southern Border Provinces through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Security of life and property and peaceful coexistence for people in the Southern Border Provinces. 2) Indicators: (1) The number of violent incidents in the Southern Border Provinces. (2) The rate of economic growth rate in the Southern Border Provinces. (3) The level of correct understanding within the country about the situation of the Southern Border Provinces and mentions of the violent incidents in the Southern Border areas in international arenas that bear no impacts on the resolution of the Southern Border Province situation and the government’s development efforts. 3) Strategies: (1) Integrating the operations by government agencies systematically that allows people’s participation in problem solving under the “Understanding, Reaching Out and Developing” strategy, the Sufficiency Economy and New Agriculture Theory Philosophies. Recognizing the importance of good governance in public administration. Developing and applying international academic principles to problem solving. Constantly monitoring and evaluating the operational performance to achieve the goals by directly addressing the root cause of the problems. (2) Enhancing intelligence operations and integrated security database efficiency for proactive analysis and assessment of intelligence situations. Formulating guidelines for efficient and effective resolution of the core causes of the problems of violence in the Southern Border Provinces. (3) Enhancing efficiency in the protection of life and property through the security systems that give importance to surveillance of risk areas, empowerment of local villages and communities and development of local civilians’ and local militia’s skills and capability for security preparedness. Enhancing the efficiency of threat disruption prevention and resolution measures. (4) Improving judicial operations, restoring confidence and reducing distrust between the people and the government by adhering to the rule of laws, endorsing and respecting ----- ###### human rights, developing mechanism for the protection of people’s rights and liberty as well as providing fair and comprehensive remedial services to government officials, people and victims of violent acts. (5) Promoting suitable atmosphere for peace through peaceful means, promoting correct understanding of situation in the Southern Border Provinces to various sectors of the society. Allowing the civil sector in the areas to participate in resolving the problems. Thoroughly monitoring the spread of extremist ideologies among parents, families, women, and youth in educational institutes in­ side and outside the Southern Border Provinces, both domestically and overseas. Promoting appropriate educational systems for peaceful coexistence. (6) Coordinating and collaborating constructive policy between the government and international organizations whose works are related to the problems of violence in the Southern Border Provinces. Promoting correct understanding and recognizing the facts about the problems and guidelines to the resolution of the Southern Border Province problems in the international venues. (7) Promoting continuity of the peace dialogue process in the Southern Border Provinces to identify a way out of the existing conflicts and violence, especially the peace dialogue with people, residing locally and overseas, who have different ideas from the government. Creating suitable and safe situations for the organizing of peace dialogues as well as providing guarantee for the continuity and confidence to all groups for their participation in the peace dialogues. (8) Endorsing grassroot economic development, economic linkage to the regional, national and international economy. Raising local people’s income to the same level as in other regions while giving importance to fair and comprehensive development of the quality of life by taking into consideration the ways of life, identities and religious beliefs of the local people. Recognizing the importance of the preservation of natural resources and the environment. The plans focus on truly eliminating any conditions that affect security issues. 3.7.8 Managing illegal immigrant problems. These plans are created to support Policy 7: Establishment of a system for the prevention and resolution of illegal immigrant problems through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Integrated and effective illegal immigrants management. 2) Indicators: (1) The existence of legal and illegal immigrants database linkage between relevant agencies. (2) Collaboration channel/mechanism with immigrants’ country of origin and relevant international organizations for systematic inspection, control, suppression and repatriation of illegal immigrants. 3) Strategies: (1) Developing up-to-date and timely immigration databases for efficient ----- ###### verification of immigrant data. (2) Developing and promoting collaborative network with immigrants’ country of origin and relevant international organizations for the prevention and resolution of illegal immigrant problems. (3) Developing mechanism for policy and operationalmanagement of illegal immigrants by recognizing the importance of all relevant sectors and allowing them to participate in congruent prevention and resolution of illegal immigrant problems. 3.7.9 Preventing and resolving human trafficking problems. These plans are created to support Policy 8: Strengthening the country’s immunity internal security through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Target groups of people are safe from human trafficking. Alien workers, non-Thai citizens are accepted into legal alien employment channel and are granted the rights and benefits under the legal requirements. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of protection and safeguarding of targetgroups such as women, children, Thai workers and alien workers against human trafficking (2) The number of alien workers/non-Thai citizens whowork legally in the country. 3) Strategies: (1) Promoting target group’s access to human rights, knowledge, protection against human trafficking and endorsing establishment of community-level monitoring network of human trafficking. (2) Developing and promoting international collaborativenetwork and linkage of international human trafficking databases. (3) Expediting legal proceeding against human traffickers. (4) Building personnel capacity in prosecuting humantrafficking cases. Assisting, protecting and safeguarding target groups of women, children, Thai workers and alien workers against human trafficking (5) Establishing an employment system that is capable of safeguarding the rights and interests of Thai workers and alien workers as prescribed by law. 3.7.10 Drug prevention and suppression. These plans are created to support Policy 5: Strengthening the capability to prevent and resolve transnational threats and Policy 8: Strengthening the country’s immunity internal security through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Reducing the spread of drug addiction and distribution; Thailand ----- ###### becoming a safe and drug-free society. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of success in the prevention and resolution of drug problems (2) The level of success of the international cooperation mechanism for the prevention and resolution of drug problems. 3) Strategies: (1) Promoting international cooperation in the prevention and resolution of drug problems, especially by blocking the precursor and chemical substance for drug production, control of production sites outside the country and advancing compliance with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Alternative Development. (2) Thwarting drug smuggling, suppressing drug traffickers and drug trafficking network through strict law enforcement. (3) Rehabilitating drug users/addicts according to their drug habits, monitoring and providing appropriate care and assistance to rehabilitated users. (4) Conducting campaigns to raise awareness of children,youth, laborers and risk groups about the dangers of narcotics to prevent drug use by cooperating with all sectors in the monitor­ ing and resolving of local drug problems through the civil sector mechanism. (5) Advancing cooperation from all sectors of the society that are related to the driving of drug problem prevention and resolution. 3.7.11 Promoting national security against corruption threats. These plans are created to support Policy 9: Strengthening the national security against corruption threats through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Establishment of anti-corruption system in state agencies and promote people’s intolerance to corruption within a state agency. 2) Indicators: (1) Thailand’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI). (2) The level of people’s participation in anti-corruption efforts 3) Strategies: (1) Applying the principle of good governance to public administration for tangible outcome. (2) Advancing the amendment of laws and regulations related to the resolution of corruption problems and strict law enforcement. (3) People’s participation in the auditing of projects operated by the public sector. ----- ###### (4) Conducting campaigns to educate all sectors in the society about the perils of corruption to cultivate anti-corruption values. 3.7.12 Maintaining border security. These plans are created to support Policy 4: Setting up a border management system for the prevention and resolution of transborder problems through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies. 1) Strategic goal: Stable and safe border areas for sustainable development. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of success in developing cross-border transportation system capable of preventing illegal immigration and transnational crime. (2) The level of success in border management to support Special Economic Zones. 3) Strategies: (1) Integrating relevant agencies’ cross-border travel databases on transported goods and vehicles. (2) Empowering communities in border areas of Thailand and its neighboring countries. Allowing people who live in Thailand’s border areas to participate in the prevention of crime threats that come through the border areas. (3) Managing border areas’ development to promote their economic capacity and to become the economic gateway with socio-economic and security balance. Working with the neighboring countries in border management, development of border posts and Special Economic Zones. (4) Promoting cooperation with neighboring countries in surveying and determining land and water boundaries to prevent problems that may obstruct border development. Promoting knowledge and understanding about the border issues between Thailand and its neighboring countries to people in the border areas to prevent border problems. (5) Promoting cooperation with Thailand’s neighboring countries for security in conflict-prone areas. 3.7.13 Maintaining maritime security. These plans are created to support Policy 6: Prevention and protection of the national maritime interests through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Achieving balanced and sustainable protection, preservation and utilization of the national maritime interests. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of success in the preventing, resolving and thwarting of maritime threats. (2) The level of progress in the preparation and revision of the legislations related to the maintaining of national security and internal maritime interests in accordance with the 1962 United ----- ###### Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). 3) Strategies: (1) Strengthening and developing effective and efficient maritime surveillance and monitoring systems. (2) Developing legislations on the protection of maritime security and national interests in compliance with international laws, and legislations on the protection of people’s rights to utilize the maritime resources of Thailand. (3) Promoting compliance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), especially with Goal 14: Sustainable utilization of the oceans and marine resources. (4) Developing human capital, knowledge and awarenessof the importance of the seas. (5) Strengthening international cooperation on the protection, safeguarding and securing sustainable national maritime interests. (6) Developing Thailand’s merchant marine capacity for the management and control of maritime utilization as well as promoting the capacity to secure national maritime interests. 3.7.14 Preventing and resolving transnational threats: These plans are created to support Policy 5: Strengthening the capability to prevent and resolve transnational threats through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Thailand has the strong capability to respond to and recover from transnational threats, terrorism and transnational crime as well as to mitigate risks from becoming a transnational crime target or site or route. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of cooperation with ASEAN member countries for the prevention and resolution of transnational threats and terrorism. (2) The level of cooperation with all sectors of the societyin the management of transnational crime and terrorism. 3) Strategies: (1) Developing internal mechanism for the prevention and resolution of transnational crime such as terrorism, money laundering, transnational economic crime, drug and human trafficking. (2) Developing frameworks for bilateral and multilateral international cooperation for the prevention of threats and the advancing of tangible results. (3) Studying different models for modern tools/ technologies, capacity building for relevant personnel, and applying these tools to the prevention and resolution of transnational threats as well as to promote researches and developments for domestic production of such tools/technologies. (4) Advancing the establishment of a national center for transnational crime databases ----- ###### and the preparation of an integrated transnational database system in collaboration with relevant state agencies. (5) Preventing and resolving all types of terrorism bygiving importance to the elimination of factors and conditions fostering terrorism. Preventing all forms of terrorist groups, individuals or groups that support terrorism from using Thailand as a place of refuge, procuring resources to support or carry out any kind of terrorism. These plans focus on the protection and safeguarding of urban security. (6) Promoting awareness and recognition of the impacts of transnational crime and terrorism among the private sector, the general public and the civil society as well as creating strong networks for cooperation with the government sector to prevent all types of transnational threats. (7) Controlling and preventing the spread of radicalideologies. 3.7.15 Preventing and resolving cyber security problems. These plans are created to support Policy 10: Strengthening cyber security through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Thailand is safe, secured and well-prepared for the handling of cyber threats. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of Thailand’s preparedness for preventing the risks of cyberattack in accordance with the international principles. (2) Effective cyber security system for the protection ofthe government’s electronics data and key cyber infrastructures. 3) Strategies: (1) Developing the capacity of state agencies, military and civilian agencies, the police and other sectors within the country for the prevention and resolution of cyber security problems, including for the support of the digital society. (2) Developing a framework for international and ASEAN countries cooperation in the prevention and resolution of cyber security problems. (3) Developing human capital, knowledge and awareness of the impact of cyber security threats. (4) Preventing cyber threats and eliminating any risk that may lead to a cyber warfare in order to strengthen cyber security through the inter-agency cyber security management in the public sector. Strengthening cooperation networks with all sectors inside and outside of Thailand. (5) Developing effective enforcement of cyber security laws and regulations, including technologies for the investigation and prevention of cyber crime. (6) Promoting the development of the capability of organizations in all sectors/ relevant personnel to acquire cyber knowledge and expertise on a continuing basis. ----- ###### 3.7.16 Maintaining balanced international relations: These plans are created to support Policy 16: Strengthening the balanced of international relations through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Thailand is able to preserve the international environmental equilibrium that relies on the basis of trust, equality, non-intervention in the internal affairs of each country and international recognition. Thailand is able to develop mutual security benefits with other countries and to protect national interests. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of success in establishing creative roles for Thailand in international politics and security, especially in ASEAN and other international organization arenas. (2) The level of success in maintaining a balanced international security relations and cooperation with the superpowers. (3) The level of positive security relations for mutual benefits between Thailand and other countries. 3) Strategies: (1) Promoting interactions, exchanges of different levels of visit, at the leader level and security agency levels, especially exchanged visits with ASEAN member countries and foreign countries with strategic importance to Thailand. (2) Utilizing existing cooperation mechanisms to monitor and advance mutual cooperation and additional initiatives for mutual benefits. Developing, promoting and initiating cooperation with foreign countries with strategic importance to Thailand. (3) Promoting Thailand’s creative roles and responsibilities for recognition under the ASEAN cooperation framework the international cooperation framework for partners’ mutual benefits. (4) Strengthening Thailand’s national image of trustworthiness and positive attitudes as well as the awareness of Thailand’s roles in regional and international arenas. (5) Encouraging and supporting Thai nationals with high qualifications and internationally recognized achievement to hold important positions in international organizations, especially in the organizations related to security issues. (6) Promoting balanced relations between Thailand and the superpowers, especially in terms of military and security relations. Promoting security relations and cooperation with ASEAN member countries. (7) Promoting ASEAN Centrality and mutual stances of ASEAN member countries in the handling of challenges to the region’s stability and security. Such roles also enhance the region’s bargaining power, promote conflict resolution on the international law principles and peaceful approaches. 3.7.17 Maintaining energy security. These plans are created to support Policy 12: Strengthening ----- ###### energy and food security through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Thailand has adequate and suitable energy security to handle energy crisis. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of success in energy management to ensureadequate and suitable amount of energy. (2) The country’s ratio of renewable energy to total energy use. 3) Strategies: (1) Promoting and advancing development of domestic sources of energy according to the national capacity. (2) Promoting increases in the production and utilization of renewable energy with suitable and fair access to the energy sources for the general public. (3) Encourage Endorsing energy cooperation with foreign countries for the distribution of energy risks. (4) Promoting research and development and experimentation on renewable energy technology for the reduction of energy production costs. (5) Conduct campaigns on the raising of awareness of entrepreneurs and the general public about the production, utilization and saving of renewable energy from national to the community levels. 3.7.18 Maintaining food and water security. These plans are created to support Policy 12: Strengthening energy and food security through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Thailand has adequate and sustainable food and water security and safety in compliance with the nutritional principles. 2) Indicators: (1) Existence of an emergency food and water management system. (2) More efficient systems for the prevention, warning, mitigation and resolution of water hazards such as flash floods, sudden floods and food and water contaminants; (3) An increase in sustainable agriculture areas. 3) Strategies: (1) Promoting sustainable food and water security through legal mechanism, integrated plan for food and water security management, emergency reserve food and water storages. Promoting access to food and water sources to satisfy people’s basic livelihood needs. (2) Developing and integrating preventive, monitoring, warning and mitigation systems of different agencies to cope with water hazards such as flash floods, sudden floods and food/water contamination. (3) Promoting sustainable agriculture among farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs ----- ###### for practical results. Promoting agricultural product production, marketing, standard, capital sources and supply chain to expand safe food production areas and to generate immunity against food crisis. (4) Promoting research and development of agricultural production and food industry technologies to create confidence and food safety. Preserving or enhancing food nutritional values, increasing productivity. Promoting international collaboration to develop related technology and innovation. (5) Securing and protecting agricultural lands as well as reducing farmers’ loss of land ownership to ensure food security. Fair distribution lands to farmers. 3.7.19 Maintaining natural resource and environmental security. These plans are created to support Policy 11: Maintaining natural resource and environmental security through the following strategic goals, indicators and strategies: 1) Strategic goal: Natural resource and environmental management for balanced and sustainable development. 2) Indicators: (1) The level of success in natural resource and environmental management for balanced development. (2) The level of success in providing quality and preventive natural resource and environmental management to reduce impacts on the communities in compliance with the international standards and Thailand’s commitments. 3) Strategies: (1) Balanced and sustainable natural resource management through precise and appropriate determination of conservation and development zones. (2) Strengthening awareness of the rights and duties of all sectors to participate in stable and sustainable natural resource and environmental management effort in accordance with the civil state approach. (3) Strengthening environmental management efficiency while protecting community rights and resolving disputes through participation of the government sector, local administrative organizations and the public as well as the economic tools, financial policies, law enforcement and development of the environmental judicial process. (4) Enhancing the checking mechanism efficiency and monitoring external threats to the natural resources and environment, especially the problems of electronic waste, smuggling of hazardous substances and chemicals, industrial waste from foreign countries for disposal in the Thai territories, causing negative impacts on the environment. (5) Promoting production, consumption, import and export, research and development, revision of laws, regulations for efficient and cost-effective utilization of natural resources to ensure that ----- ###### social and economic growth can go with environmental conservation. (6) Promoting ASEAN and global bilateral and multilateral cooperation to form partnership for the conservation, monitoring and restoration of natural resources and the environment. Providing resolutions to the negative impacts on the ecology, environment, community livelihood, social problems and disasters. Promoting resolutions to transborder natural resources and environmental problems such as smoke from forest fires, construction of dams in major international rivers and marine debris, etc. ----- ###### Part 4: Implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan 4.1 Overview of the implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022). The National Security Policy and Plan provides the principal framework to be abided by relevant state agencies in the preparing or integration of the policies/strategic plans of each ministry/department, the policies/specific strategies/ guidelines/measures and project support plans. The National Security Council, chaired by the Prime Minister, is the principal national implementation mechanism while the committees appointed by the National Security Council provide support mechanism for the regulating, monitoring and integration of policy implementation. The Office of the National Security Council is responsible for the overall regulating, monitoring and implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan, security situation assessment and performance evaluation. The Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC) and the Thai Maritime Enforcement Command Center (Thai MECC) shall have the joint responsibilities of coordinating implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan according to the National Strategy for security implementation guidelines. 4.2 Guidelines for the assigning of responsible state agencies 4.2.1 Framework for the assigning of responsible agencies 1) Assignment of principal and joint responsible agencies for all security issues. A principal responsible agency shall be assigned to host the integration of each security issue. 2) Assignment of responsible agencies shall be based on the relevancy of their primary missions/powers, duties and responsibility to each security issue. Responsible agencies shall include the agencies affiliated with the government/public organizations/state enterprises/public companies that the government is the principal stakeholders. 3) Responsible agencies shall be assigned at the ministerial level. In the case where the relevant mission is clearly the responsibility of a single agency a specific department may be assigned as the responsible agency. 4) Assignment of additional responsible agencies for the implementation period of the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022). In the case where a specific issue in the National Security Policy and Plan is directly supported by a strategy and/or is associated with other national strategies/ plans, the integration host can assign additional joint responsible agencies for the implementation period of the National Security Policy and Plan. Such assignment must be consistent with the assignment of responsible agency for the said strategy/plan. 5) Organizations under the Constitution, local administrative organizations and the civil society sector may take part in the implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022). The organizations under the Constitution may provide support and conduct joint operation that fall within their powers and duties while local administrative organizations and the civil society sector may become members of the network that provide support to government agencies for the prevention and resolution of security problems. ----- ###### 4.2.2 Assignment of host agencies/separated responsible agencies. In implementing the National Security Policy and Plan key host agencies and support agencies for the implementation of individual security issue in the National Security Policy and Plan are assigned with the following roles and responsibilities: 1) Key responsible agencies means the agencies whose roles and responsibilities are directly related to the mission/powers and duties of the ministry/department that they are affiliated with or whose missions play significant roles in the fulfillment of specific security issue in the National Security Policy and Plan. There are two levels of key responsible agencies as follows: 2) Key responsible agencies who are host agencies for a specific security issue in the National Security Policy and Plan. These agencies are the key drivers of a relevant security issue in the National Security Policy and Plan and the focal points for the operational integration of different key responsible agencies for a specific strategy. They are also responsible for the reporting and evaluation of the overall performance of the specific security issue in the National Security Policy and Plan. Key responsible agencies for each security issue are listed below: Main responsible agency ###### No. Security issue ###### (Security integration host agency) ###### 1. Promoting human security Office of the National Security Council 2. Intelligence services and security situation assessment ###### 3. Promoting security of the key national institutions under the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State 4. Development of the national preparedness system ###### Office of the National Security Council Office of the National Security Council ###### 5. Enhancing national defense capacity Ministry of Defense 6. Promoting national unity and harmony Ministry of Interior ###### 7. Preventing and resolving violence in the southern border problems ###### Office of the National Security Council ###### 8. Illegal immigrant management Office of the National Security Council ###### 9. Preventing and resolving human trafficking problems ###### Ministry of Social Development and Human Security ###### 10. Drug prevention and suppression Office of the Narcotics Control Board ###### 11. Strengthening national security against corruption threats ###### Office of Public Sector Anti-Corruption Commission ----- ###### 12. Maintaining border security Office of the National Security Council 13. Maintaining maritime security Office of the National Security Council ###### 14. Preventing and resolving transnational threats problems 15. Preventing and resolving cyber security prob­ lems ###### Office of the National Security Council Ministry of Digital Economy and Society ###### 16. Maintaining international relations equilibrium Ministry of Foreign Affairs 17. Maintaining energy security Ministry of Energy 18. Maintaining food and water security Office of the National Security Council ###### 19. Maintaining natural resources and environment security ###### Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment ###### 3) Key responsible agencies for specific strategy. These agencies are the key drivers of each strategy and the focal points for the operational integration of different joint responsible agencies/organizations and member institutes of the relevant network. They are also responsible for the reporting and evaluation of the overall performance of the relevant strategy. In addition, key responsible agencies for each strategy can assign additional support agencies as deemed appropriate. 4) Joint responsible agencies/ member institutes of the relevant network. These are the agencies whose roles and responsibilities are partially relevant to such mission/powers and duties or whose mission, by nature, supports the National Security Policy or Plan implementation or whose secondary mission is to support the key responsible agency who hosts the operational integration of a specific issue in the National Security Policy or Plan or who is the key responsible agency for a specific strategy. 4.3 Criteria and procedures for the preparation of specific security strategy or plan. Such criteria appear in the Notification of the National Security Council Re: Criteria and procedures for the preparation of specific security strategy or plan and the formulation of relevant operational plans or projects to the National Security Policy and Plan. 4.3.1 The objectives of a specific security strategy or plan must be for the prevention, resolution and mitigation of security risks, threats and impacts or the creation of resilience for a specific security issue in the National Strategy, the National Security Policy and Plan or as assigned by the National Security Council. 4.3.2 In the case where a specific security strategy or plan is prepared from the security issue stipulated in the National Strategy, the National Security Policy and Plan or as assigned by the National Security Council or where a host agency for its preparation is specifically assigned by the law, the said agency must report the outcome of such performance to the National Security Council for acknowledgement. In the case where a security issue is under the responsibilities or several agencies or where no specific responsible agency has been assigned, the National Security Council or the Cabinet shall ----- ###### assign the task of preparing specific security strategy or to a particular agency with the Office of the National Security Council as the key responsible agency or to any other agency or different agencies for joint operation. 4.3.3 Conduct security situation assessment based on the information and opinions provided by the academic division of relevant state agencies, the relevant sectors and by the people. 4.3.4 The prepared security strategy or plan must include the principle, rationale, objectives, strategic goals, indicators, strategies, operational guidelines or methods, performance monitoring and evaluation guidelines. Such strategy/plan must take the risk management principles into consideration, especially the risk or damage to specific security strategy or plan or support project as well as the connection or impact of the security operation on various development aspects. For example, 1) National competitiveness, 2) Human capital capacity, 3) Social opportunity and equality, 4) Natural resource and environmental sustainability and 5) Public administration system. 4.4 Determination of national security plans or flagship projects. Section 16 of the National Security Council Act, B.E. 2559 (2016) stipulates that the Budget Bureau shall allocate budgets to state agencies in compliance with the National Security Policy and Plan for implementation of the national security plans or flagship projects. The relevant state agencies shall submit such plan or project to the Office of the National Security Council for consideration and opinions, and the state agencies with the budget allocation powers and responsibilities must take such opinions into consideration when allocating budgets. Key security plan or flagship project shall be determined by the Cabinet. 4.5 Success factors 4.5.1 The government give importance and continuing support to the implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022). The government provides continuous resources support to the relevant ministries, departments and agencies for their implementation of the missions that are consistent with the National Security Policy and Plan and endorses resolutions to their implementation obstacles. 4.5.2 Preparedness of the relevant ministries, departments and agencies for the implementation of the National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022). These ministries, departments and agencies must clearly determine the focal point or responsible person body for security implementation, at the administrative and operational levels. They must prepare plans/projects, especially the key security plans or flagship projects, and specify allocated budgets and support measures to ensure systematic and efficient plan/project management. 4.5.3 The civil society sector’s recognition and support for the shifting security contexts. Other sectors such as the academic sector, the private sector, the civil society sector and the people sector are provided with the opportunity to closely participate as member of the partnership network in applying the National Security Policy and Plan to practice. ......................................................................................... ----- ----- ----- ###### The National Security Policy and Plan (2019 – 2022) Office of the National Security Council Office of the Prime Minister Government House, 1 Phitsanulok Road Dusit Bangkok 10300 -----